Analgesics, Anaesthetic and Sedative Drugs Flashcards
What is fentanyl?
A synthetic opioid
What is diamorphine?
A semi-synthetic opioid
What is an example of opioid antagonist, and in what cases would it be administered?
Naloxone
Administered after overdose
What physiological change can the body undergo in areas of injury to reduce pain?
Development of opioid receptors which can relieve the pain
Where can opioid receptors be found?
- Pons and Midbrain
- Periaqueductal grey matter (PAG)
- Spinal cord
- Raphe nuclei
- Peripheral tissues
What are the side effects of morphine?
- Respiratory depression
- Miosis (excessive constriction of pupils)
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Constipation
What type of receptors does ketamine act on, and what does it act as?
Acts on NMDA receptors
Acts as a sedative, analgesic and anaesthetic
What are the cons of the use of ketamine?
- Can cause nightmares
- Can lead to schizophrenia
How do NSAIDs work, and what are its properties?
Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
Properties:
- Anti-pyretic
- Analgesic
- Anti-inflammatory
What are the side effects of NSAIDs?
- GI irritation
- Bronchospasms
- Renal impairment
What type of drug is aspirin, and what is it used to treat?
NSAID
Used to treat pain, fever and inflammation
What are the properties of paracetamol, and why isn’t it considered an NSAID?
Anti-pyretic and reduces pain.
Doesn’t have anti-inflammatory effect
How does paracetamol work, and what can overdose lead to?
Binds to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes
Overdose can lead to liver toxicity
What type of drug is diazepam?
Benzodiazepine
As well as being anxiolytic, what other property do benzodiazepines have and what are the side effects?
Sedative
- Over-sedation
- Respiratory depression
