ANALGESICS - OPOIDS 1

Question 1

Analgesics may be broadly classified to two?

Answer 1

Opioids
Non-opioids

Question 2

The opioids may be classified according to their source to

Answer 2

Natural opioates
Semi synthetics
Synthetics
Endogenous alkaloids

Question 3

Give :
1) 2 Natural opioates
2) 5 semi synthetic opioids
3) 5 synthetic opioids
4) 3 classes of the endogenous opioid

Answer 3

1) Morphine and Codeine
2) Buprenorphine , Hydromorphone , Hydrocodone , Oxycodone , Oxymorphone
3) Fentanyl , Meperidine , Methadone , Tapentadol , Tramadol
4) Endogenous opioids - Endorphins , Dynorphins and Pentapeptide enkephalins

Question 4

Opioids can be classified according to their chemical structure into

Answer 4

1) Phenanthrenes
2) Benzmorphans
3) Phenylpiperidines
4) Diphenylheptanes
5) Phenylpropylamines

BP3D

Question 5

Giev examples of phenanthrenes

Answer 5

(All the natural and semi synthetic opioids )
Levorphanol
Nalbuphine
Butorphanol
Naloxone

Question 6

Give a Diphenyl heptane

Answer 6

Methadone

Question 7

Give 2 Phenylpropylamines

Answer 7

Tramadol and Tapentadol

Question 8

Give 4 Phenylpiperidines

Answer 8

Fentanyl
Meperidine
Alfentanil
Sufentanil

Question 9

Give an example of a Benzmorphan

Answer 9

Pentazocine

Question 10

Codeine and Oxycodone are what type of agonists

Answer 10

Moderate

Question 11

Give two types of opioids antagonists

Answer 11

Naloxone and Naltrexone

Question 12

Give three mixed agonist antagonist opioids

Answer 12

NBP
Nalbuphine
Butorphanol
Pentazocine

Question 13

Buprenophine is termed as

Answer 13

A partial agonist antagonist

Question 14

All the three opioids receptors are what kind

Answer 14

GPCRs

Question 15

Give the three types of opioid receptors

Answer 15

Mu , kappa and delta

Question 16

All opioid receptors are which kind of GPCRs

Answer 16

Gi

Question 17

The opioid receptors have two main MOA , Explain

Answer 17

1) Activation of opioid receptors decreases the Calcium influx in response to an action potential thus reduce excitatory neurotransmitter release of glutamate , Ach , NE , Seratonin from presynaptic neuron

2) Activation of the opioid receptors increases potassium efflux and decreases the response of postsynaptic neurons to excitatory neurotransmitter release

Question 18

Majority of the opioid analgesics act on which receptor

Answer 18

Mu

Question 19

Give
1) 4 strong phenanthrene agonists
2) 4 mild to moderate phenanthrene agonists
3) Opioid antagonists

Answer 19

Strong phenanthrene agonists
1) Morphine
2) Hydromorphone
3) Heroin
4) Oxymorphone

Mild to moderate
1) Codeine
2) hydrocodone
3) Dihydrocodeine
4) Oxycodone

Antagonists - Naloxone , Naltrecone and Nalmefene

Question 20

Codeine is also known as

Answer 20

Methylmorphine