Analyses

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of psychological statistics?

Answer 1

To analyze and interpret data in psychological research.

Question 2

True or False: Descriptive statistics summarize data without making any conclusions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The measure of central tendency that represents the middle value is called the ______.

Answer 3

median

Question 4

What is the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Answer 4

A population includes all members of a specified group, while a sample is a subset of the population.

Question 5

What does the standard deviation measure?

Answer 5

The amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Question 6

Which statistical test would you use to compare the means of two groups?

Answer 6

t-test

Question 7

True or False: A correlation coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect negative correlation.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

Answer 8

The probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a prediction about the relationship between variables.

Answer 9

hypothesis

Question 10

What is the purpose of a confidence interval?

Answer 10

To estimate the range within which a population parameter is likely to fall.

Question 11

What is an independent variable?

Answer 11

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment.

Question 12

True or False: A higher alpha level increases the likelihood of Type I error.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What does ANOVA stand for?

Answer 13

Analysis of Variance

Question 14

What is the main assumption of parametric tests?

Answer 14

That the data follows a normal distribution.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency? A) Mean B) Median C) Mode D) Variance

Answer 15

D) Variance

Question 16

What is a Type II error?

Answer 16

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the most frequently occurring score in a dataset.

Answer 17

mode

Question 18

What does the term ‘effect size’ refer to?

Answer 18

The magnitude of a relationship or difference in a statistical analysis.

Question 19

True or False: Non-parametric tests do not assume a normal distribution of the data.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is a scatter plot used for?

Answer 20

To visualize the relationship between two quantitative variables.

Question 21

What is the null hypothesis?

Answer 21

A statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it is what is tested in hypothesis testing.

Question 22

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a non-parametric test? A) t-test B) ANOVA C) Mann-Whitney U test D) Regression analysis

Answer 22

C) Mann-Whitney U test

Question 23

What is the purpose of post-hoc tests?

Answer 23

To determine which specific group means are different after finding a significant ANOVA result.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The _______ indicates how well the data fits a statistical model.

Answer 24

goodness of fit

Question 25

What does a negative correlation indicate?

Answer 25

As one variable increases, the other variable tends to decrease.

Question 26

True or False: The larger the sample size, the more reliable the results of a statistical analysis.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is a longitudinal study?

Answer 27

A research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods.

Question 28

What is the purpose of regression analysis?

Answer 28

To examine the relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: A _______ distribution is symmetrical and bell-shaped.

Answer 29

normal

Question 30

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Answer 30

Descriptive statistics summarize data, while inferential statistics draw conclusions about a population based on a sample.

Question 31

What does the term 'outlier' refer to in statistics?

Answer 31

A data point that differs significantly from other observations.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common assumption for regression analysis? A) Homoscedasticity B) Normality C) Independence D) All of the above

Answer 32

D) All of the above

Question 33

What is the chi-square test used for?

Answer 33

To determine if there is a significant association between categorical variables.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: In a normal distribution, approximately _______% of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.

Answer 34

68

Question 35

What does the term 'sampling error' refer to?

Answer 35

The difference between the sample statistic and the actual population parameter.

Question 36

True or False: Cross-sectional studies measure variables at a single point in time.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 37

An external variable that affects the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 38

What is the primary goal of hypothesis testing?

Answer 38

To determine whether there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.