Anaphy

Question 1

What are the basic life processes?

Answer 1

Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, movement, and reproduction

In humans, additional requirements include growth, differentiation, respiration, digestion, and excretion.

Question 2

Define metabolism.

Answer 2

The ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction.

Question 3

What does responsiveness refer to in physiology?

Answer 3

The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes.

Question 4

What is meant by movement in the context of basic life processes?

Answer 4

Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells.

Question 5

What is growth?

Answer 5

An increase in body size resulting from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both.

Question 6

What is differentiation?

Answer 6

The development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.

Question 7

What does reproduction refer to in physiological terms?

Answer 7

Formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual.

Question 8

Define homeostasis.

Answer 8

The existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in either the external or internal environment.

Question 9

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 9

The standard reference position of the body used to describe the location of structures.

Question 10

What does the coronal/frontal plane do?

Answer 10

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts and is oriented vertically.

Question 11

What is the mid-sagittal plane?

Answer 11

A plane that passes through the center of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.

Question 12

What does the transverse/axial plane divide?

Answer 12

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Question 13

What is flexion?

Answer 13

Decreases the angle of a joint.

Question 14

What is extension?

Answer 14

Increases the angle of a joint.

Question 15

Define hyperextension.

Answer 15

Extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position.

Question 16

What is dorsiflexion of the foot?

Answer 16

Decreasing the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the lower leg, moving foot and toes upward.

Question 17

What is plantar flexion of the foot?

Answer 17

Extending the ankle joint, moving foot and toes downward.

Question 18

Define eversion.

Answer 18

An outward stress movement of the foot at the ankle joint.

Question 19

What is inversion?

Answer 19

An inward stress movement of the foot applied without rotation of the leg.

Question 20

What is abduction?

Answer 20

Lateral movement of the arm or leg away from the body.

Question 21

What is adduction?

Answer 21

Movement of the arm or leg toward the body.

Question 22

Define supination.

Answer 22

A rotational movement of the hand into the anatomical position (palm up).

Question 23

What is pronation?

Answer 23

A rotation of the hand into the opposite of the anatomical position (palm down).

Question 24

What does protraction mean?

Answer 24

A movement forward from a normal position.

Question 25

Define retraction.

Answer 25

A movement backward or the condition of being drawn back.

Question 26

What is elevation?

Answer 26

Lifting, raising, or moving a part superiorly.

Question 27

What does depression refer to?

Answer 27

Letting down, lowering, or moving a part inferiorly.

Question 28

What is circumduction?

Answer 28

To move around in the form of a circle.

Question 29

What does rotation refer to?

Answer 29

To turn or rotate a body part on its axis.

Question 30

Define tilt.

Answer 30

A slanting or tilting movement with respect to the long axis.

Question 31

What are the two major cavities of the body?

Answer 31

Dorsal cavity and ventral cavity.

Question 32

What does the dorsal cavity contain?

Answer 32

Organs of the nervous system that coordinate the body’s function.

Question 33

What are the subdivisions of the ventral cavity?

Answer 33

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 34

What is the thoracic cavity enclosed by?

Answer 34

The thoracic wall and the diaphragm.

Question 35

What are the components of the mediastinum?

Answer 35

A thick, flexible soft tissue partition that separates the pleural cavities.

Question 36

What does the abdominopelvic cavity house?

Answer 36

Most parts of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Question 37

What is the nasion?

Answer 37

Located at the junction of the two nasal bones and the frontal bone.

Question 38

What is the acanthion?

Answer 38

The midline point at the junction of the upper lip and the nasal septum.

Question 39

Define gonion.

Answer 39

The lower posterior angle on each side of the jaw or mandible.

Question 40

What does MSP stand for?

Answer 40

Mid-Sagittal Plane, which divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 41

What is the inter pupillary line?

Answer 41

The line that connects the pupils or the outer canthi of the patient’s eyes.

Question 42

What is the glabella?

Answer 42

The smooth, slightly raised triangular area between and slightly superior to the eyebrows.

Question 43

What is the auricle/pinna?

Answer 43

The large flap of the ear made of cartilage.

Question 44

What is the tragus?

Answer 44

The small cartilaginous flap that covers the opening of the ear.

Question 45

What does TEA refer to in anatomy?

Answer 45

The superior attachment of the auricle, where the side frames of eyeglasses rest.