Anaphylaxis & Allergic reactions

Question 1

What type of reaction is anaphylaxis

Answer 1

Anaphylaxis is typically an IgE mediated reaction
degranulation with mediator release (histamine, leukotrienes, bradykinins)

Question 2

Muscle Relaxants allergy

Answer 2

rocuronium (most NB) & suxamethonium

Question 3

Antibiotics allergy

Answer 3

penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin

Question 4

Sx of anaphylaxis

Answer 4

common = hypotension, no pulse, bronchospasm, flushing, swelling

Question 5

Emergency Management of anaphylaxis

Answer 5

• First line = adrenaline, oxygen, crystalloid fluids (RL or NS)
• Second line  histamine (adjunct therapy), bronchodilators, steroids
• Third line  glucagon
• TBH uses crystalloid s as first
  line drug (Crystalloids  Ringer’s lactate or normal saline)
• Combination of histamine 1
  and Fenegan need to wait until patient is cardiovascularly stable before
  giving IV histamine bolus
  because it can cause cardiac
  instability on its own (prefer

Question 6

Why adrenaline is useful:

Answer 6

-
Anaphylaxis leads to
bronchospasms and
hypotension  due to
vasodilation
-
Adrenaline has alpha and beta
receptors which addresses
these issues
o
Alpha receptors 
vasoconstriction
o
Beta receptors 
prevent / control
bronchospasm