ANAT 150 Chapter 7 Lecture Notes Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the Skeleton System
A
- Protects organs (cranium of skull protects brain)
- Mineral storage (calcium & phosphate called hydroxyapatite)
- Body movements (in conjunction with muscular & nervous systems)
- Body support (blood cell production: erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)
2
Q
Axial Skeleton
A
Midline bones
3
Q
Appendicular Skeleton
A
Bones off midline
4
Q
What digits have no middle phalange bone?
A
Digit 1
5
Q
What is the Os Coxa?
A
Hip bone (3 separate bones fuse in growth)
6
Q
Neurocranium
A
Braincase, surrounds and protects brain
7
Q
Viscerocranium
A
Facial bones, protect major sensory organs (eyes, nose, tongue)
8
Q
_______ and _______ have alveolar processes and sockets for tooth attachment
A
Maxilla & mandible
9
Q
Maxilla
A
Upper fixed bone of jaw
10
Q
Mandible
A
Lower jaw bone, not part of skull but is attached & articulates to skull
11
Q
What structure did we palpate in class and is below the ear?
A
Mastoid process
12
Q
Name two bones that form the zygomatic arch
A
Zygomatic process & temporal process
13
Q
What are the teeth and bones associated with them?
A
- Maxilla (upper jaw)
- Alveolar processes (where teeth are found in)
- Mandible (lower jaw)
14
Q
What is the joint called that connects the jaw to the skull?
A
Temporal mandibular joint (TMJ)
15
Q
What part of the skull does the styloid process belong to?
A
Temporal bone
16
Q
What part of the skull does the styloid process belong to?
A
Styloid is in the temporal bone
17
Q
Coronal Suture
A
Between frontal and two parietal bones
18
Q
Sagittal Suture
A
Between right and left parietal bones
19
Q
Lambdoid Stuture
A
Between the parietal bones and occipital bone
20
Q
Squamous Suture
A
Between the parietal bones and temporal bone
21
Q
What is the eyebrow ridge called?
A
Supraorbital margin
22
Q
What is a hole (nerve) in the supraorbital margin called?
A
Supraorbital foramen
23
Q
What are clefts in the orbital region of the skull called?
A
Superior orbital fissure
24
Q
What is the hole on the maxilla (upper jaw) by the cheekbone called?
A
Infraorbital foramen
25
What are the two middle concha of the nose, and what is their plural form?
Middle nasal concha and inferior nasal concha. Plural form: nasal conchae
26
What is the roof of the orbit called?
Frontal bone
27
What is the roof and posterolateral of the orbit called?
Sphenoid bone
28
What is the lateral part of the orbit called?
Zygomatic bone
29
What is the floor of the orbit called?
Maxilla
30
What are the three parts of the medial wall of the orbit called?
- Lacrimal bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Palatine bone
31
What bones form the nasal septum
- Ethmoid bone (perpendicular cartilage)
- Vomer bone (septal cartilage)
- Sphenoid bone
32
Floating bone: allows muscles to attach to it is called _______
Hyoid bone
33
What are the bones associated with the occipital bone?
- Condyle
- Foramen magnum
- Inferior & superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance
34
What are the bones associated with the sphenoid bone?
- Lesser & greater wings
- Optic canal
- Superior orbital fissure
- Sella turcica
- Foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum
- Lateral & medial pterygoid plates
35
What are the bones associated with the ethmoid bone?
- Crista galli
- Cribriform plate w/ olfactory foramina
- Perpendicular plate
- Superior & middle nasal concha
36
Is the inferior nasal concha part of the ethmoid bone?
No
37
What are the two holes on the maxillary bone called?
Infraorbital foramen
38
What are the two holes on the mandibular bone and what is their purpose?
Mental foramen; where nerves exit
39
What are the parts of the mandibular bone called?
- Mandibular notch, condyle, foramen
- Condylar & coronoid process's
- Ramus, teeth, etc.
40
What are the names of the teeth?
Molars, Premolars, Canine, Incisors
41
What tooth is the wisdom tooth?
3rd molar
42
Bones that contain sinuses nearby and around nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
43
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
Decrease skull weight, resonated chambers
44
What bones are the paranasal sinuses found in?
Frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal (labyrinth), sphenoidal
45
Functions of the Vertebral Column
- Supports weight of head & trunk
- Protects spinal cord
- Site for muscle attachment
- Allows spinal nerves to exit spinal cord
- Permits movement of head & trunk
46
How many total vertebrae are in the vertebral column?
33 to 34 in embryo
- 5 fuse to form sacrum
- 4/5 coccygeal fuse to form coccyx
47
Primary curvature occurs in ______, ______, ______
Thoracic, sacrum, coccyx
48
Secondary curvature occurs in ______, and ______
Cervical region & lumbar region
49
What are each of the abnormal curvatures?
- Lordosis (excessive curvature in lumbar)
- Kyphosis (excessive curvature in thoracic region)
- Scoliosis (lateral curvatures)
50
What region is associated with the ribs?
Thoracic region (T1-T12)
51
The 5 bones that fuse into 1 to form the sacrum and 4/5 segments that fuse to form the coccyx is a process called ______
Physiological fusion
52
What is the function of C1 & C2 of the vertebral column?
C1 (atlas) - First cervical vertebrae (supports skull)
C2 (axis) - Second cervical vertebrae (head rotation)
53
_________ allows for articulation of the vertebra
Superior articular process
54
The hole in a vertebra is called the ______
Vertebral foramen
55
The transverse process, lamina, pedicle are all parts of the ______
Vertebra
56
What protects the spinal cord?
Vertebral foramen
57
Where in the vertebrae is the spinal cord found in an adult?
Above L2, between L1 & L2
58
This allows the spinal nerves to exit the spinal column
Inferior intervertebral notch of superior vertebra
59
What is the center of the intervertebral disk called?
Nucleus pulposus
60
Name all of the vertebra that have a transverse foramen
C1-C7
61
What is a unique characteristic of C1?
C1 has no vertebral body
62
What vertebra has a toothlike structure, and Dens?
C2
63
What is the bend on the vertebra called?
Bifid spines process (only in C's)
64
What allows for hyperextension of the neck?
Spinous process of C2
65
What are all articulation facets found within the thoracic region?
- Body (head of rib articulation)
- Transverse processes (tubercle of rib articulation)
- Superior articulating process (articulates to rib above it)
- Inferior articulating process (articulates to rib below it)
66
What is a half face facet called?
Demifacet
67
______ and ______ is found on the vertebral body and transverse process.
Superior articular facet for rib head & Inferior articular facet for rib head
68
The ______ and ______ are only on the thoracic region.
Costal tubercle, Head of rib
69
What vertebra has a heart shaped vertebral body?
Thoracic Vertebrae
70
What vertebrae has a kidney shaped vertebral body?
Lumbar vertebrae
71
Triangular bone located between hip bones posteriorly is the ________.
Sacrum
72
What is the bundle of nerves on the filum terminal that represents a horse's behind called?
Cuada equina
73
What bones make up the sternum?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
74
Ribs articulating directly to the sternum
True ribs
75
Ribs not attached directly to the sternum
False ribs
76
In the rib, the costal groove contains ______, ______, ______.
Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerves
77
When treating a patient with a pneumothorax, where does the needle need to be injected?
Above the rib
78
The medial aspect of the ante brachial bones is the ________
Ulna
79
The lateral aspect of the ante brachial bones is the ________
Radius
80
How many bones make up the carpal (wrist) bones?
8
81
What bones make up the pelvic girdle?
Sacrum & hip bone
82
The medial aspect of the lower limb bones is the ______
Tibia
83
The lateral aspect of the lower limb bones is the ______
Fibula
84
What bones and how many form the pedal (foot) region?
7 Tarsal bones
5 Metatarsal bones
14 Phalanges
85
The depression located on the superior part of the scapula is the ________
Supra scapular notch
86
What is the cavity called where the head of the humorous articulates to the scapula?
Glenoid cavity
87
The end of the scapular spine is called the ________
Acromion process
88
What is the depression (fossa) above the scapular spine called?
Supraspinous fossa
89
What is the fossa (depression) below the scapular spine called?
Infraspinous fossa
90
________ of the clavicle articulates to the sternum
Sternal end
91
________ of the clavicle articulates to the acromium process
Acromial end
92
Groove in between the greater & lesser tubercle's of the humorous is the ________
Intertubular groove
93
What 'neck' is the closest to the (humorous) head?
Anatomical neck
94
What neck is further from the (humorous) head?
Surgical neck
95
What are the two condyles at the bottom of the (anterior) humorous?
Capitulum (lateral)
Trochlea (Medial)
96
What is the condyle located above the capitulum and trochlea condyles of the humorous?
Lateral epicondyle
97
What are the two fossae on the anterior humorous bone?
Radial fossa, coronoid fossa
98
Deltoid tuberosity
Allows attachment to deltoid muscle
99
What is the fossa on the posterior humorous bone?
Olecranon fossa (forearm extension at elbow joint)
100
Radius
Lateral forearm bone; head of radius is called the proximal epiphysis
101
What and how many bones have a styloid process?
3 bones:
Temporal bone
Radius bone
Ulna bone
102
Interosseous Ridges
Ridges found between radius & ulna bones
103
What digits contain a middle phalanx?
Digits 2-5 (NOT in digit 1/thumb)
104
What carpal bones make up the proximal row?
Scaphoid bone
Lunate bone
Triquetrum bone
Pisiform bone
105
What carpal bones make up the distal row?
Hamate - HAS HOOK
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
106
What part of the pelvis (hip bone) comes in contact with seat bottom in seated position?
Ischial tuberosity
107
How many spines does the ilium have?
4
108
What is the angle found below the pubis? (determines male/female skeleton)
Subpubic angle
109
What is the ridge/line found in between the greater & lesser trochanter?
Intertrochanter line
110
A pit in the humorous
Fovea capitis
111
Where does the kneecap sit in the femur?
Patellar groove
112
What is the depression in between the lateral & medial condyles posteriorly?
Intercondylar fossa
113
What bone articulates to the heel of the foot?
Calcaneus
114
What bone articulates to the distal aspect of the fibula & fibula?
Talus
115
All five toes have this in common
Proximal & distal phalanx of great toe
116
What (toe) digits have a middle phalanx?
Digits 2-5 **Middle phalanx NOT in great toe**
