ANAT LEC FINALS: NEURO

Question 1

What is the function of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To coordinate and regulate bodily activities by transmitting signals.

Question 2

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

To regulate long-term processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism via hormones.

Question 3

What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Neuron

Question 4

Which part of the neuron interprets neuronal impulses?

Answer 4

Cell body or Soma

Question 5

Which part of the neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?

Answer 5

Axon

Question 6

Which part of the neuron transmits impulses towards the cell body?

Answer 6

Dendrites

Question 7

What are the components of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Answer 7

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 8

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Answer 8

Cranial nerves, Spinal nerves, and Peripheral ganglia

Question 9

What are the components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Answer 9

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

Question 10

What are the 3 vesicle origins of the brain and their adult counterparts?

Answer 10

Forebrain (Prosencephalon: Cerebrum and Diencephalon), Midbrain (Mesencephalon: Midbrain), Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon: Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum)

Question 11

What is the seat of all conscious activities, memory, and intelligence?

Answer 11

Cerebrum

Question 12

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance?

Answer 12

Cerebellum

Question 13

What are the parts of the brainstem?

Answer 13

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Question 14

What are the meninges of the brain?

Answer 14

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

Question 15

What are the 12 cranial nerves and their functions?

Answer 15

I - Olfactory (Smell), II - Optic (Vision), III - Oculomotor (Eye movement), IV - Trochlear (Eye movement), V - Trigeminal (Facial sensation, Chewing), VI - Abducens (Eye movement), VII - Facial (Facial expressions, Taste), VIII - Vestibulocochlear (Hearing, Balance), IX - Glossopharyngeal (Taste, Swallowing), X - Vagus (Autonomic control of heart and digestive tract), XI - Accessory (Neck movement), XII - Hypoglossal (Tongue movement)

Question 16

What is the longest cranial nerve?

Answer 16

Vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X)

Question 17

What is the largest cranial nerve?

Answer 17

Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V)

Question 18

What is the shortest cranial nerve?

Answer 18

Olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I)

Question 19

What are the three gross subdivisions of the brain?

Answer 19

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem

Question 20

What are the five segments of the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

Question 21

What are the five segments of spinal nerves?

Answer 21

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

Question 22

Where are the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers located?

Answer 22

Pons

Question 23

Which nerves have excitatory and inhibitory effects on effector organs?

Answer 23

Autonomic nerves (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic)

Question 24

What are the endocrine glands, their secretions, and functions?

Answer 24

Pituitary (Growth hormone, regulates growth), Thyroid (Thyroxine, regulates metabolism), Adrenal (Adrenaline, stress response), Pancreas (Insulin, regulates blood sugar)

Question 25

What are the classifications of hormones and examples of each?

Answer 25

Peptide hormones (Insulin), Steroid hormones (Cortisol), Amine hormones (Epinephrine)