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ANAT242 Lectures 1-38 > ANAT241 Lecture 10 - Connective (Support) Tissue and the Extracellular Matrix > Flashcards

ANAT241 Lecture 10 - Connective (Support) Tissue and the Extracellular Matrix Flashcards

1
Q

what are connective (support) tissues?

A

tissues that provide general structure, physical + metabolic support for more specialised tissues, mechanical strength (tension for tendons/bones) and fills spaces in the body

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2
Q

what are the 3 key properties of connective tissues?

A

tensile strength from collagen
elasticity from elastin
volume from ground substance

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3
Q

what provides tensile strength of connective tissue?

A

collagen

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4
Q

what provides elasticity of connective tissue?

A

elastin

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5
Q

what provides volume of connective tissue?

A

ground substance

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6
Q

what do collagen and elastin have in common?

A

they are both fibular

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7
Q

what is ground substance?

A

a mixture of various types of molecules that bind water to create volume?

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8
Q

what are the 4 classes of connective tissue?

A

connective tissue proper
cartilage connective tissue
bone connective tissue
blood connective tissue

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9
Q

what can connective tissue proper be divided into?

A

loose connective tissue proper or dense connective tissue proper

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10
Q

what is loose connective tissue proper?

A

an open and loose structure

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11
Q

what are the 3 types of loose connective tissue proper?

A

areolar tissue
reticular tissue
adipose tissue

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12
Q

what is areolar tissue of loose connective tissue proper?

A

areolar tissue is strong yet cushioning and forms the lamina propria by underlying epithelium

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13
Q

what does areolar tissue form?

A

forms the lamina propria by underlying epithelium

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14
Q

what is reticular tissue of loose connective tissue proper composed of?

A

composed of reticular fibres that form a supportive mesh to support organs

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15
Q

what is the function of reticular tissue?

A

forms a supportive mesh to support organs

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16
Q

what is adipose tissue of loose connective tissue proper made up of?

A

made up of adipocytes

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17
Q

what is the function of white adipose tissue?

A

to store energy

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18
Q

what is brown adipose tissue associated with?

A

associated with thermoregulation

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19
Q

what are the 2 types of dense connective tissue proper?

A

regular dense tissue and irregular dense tissue

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20
Q

what is the relationship between dense connective tissue proper and the proportion of fibres it contains?

A

dense connective tissue proper contains a large proportion of fibres

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21
Q

what is regular dense tissue of dense connective tissue proper?

A

regular dense tissue arranged in parallel fibres of mainly type I collagen

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22
Q

where is regular dense tissue of dense connective tissue proper found?

A

found in ligaments and tendons

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23
Q

what is irregular dense tissue of dense connective tissue proper?

A

irregular dense tissue arranged in non-parallel fibres

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24
Q

where is irregular dense tissue of dense connective tissue proper found?

A

found in the dermis

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25
what is the relationship between dense connective tissue proper and ground substance?
dense connective tissue proper has little ground substance
26
what are the 3 types of cartilage connective tissue?
hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
27
what is hyaline cartilage of cartilage connective tissue?
smooth and translucent cartilage with few collagen fibres supported by semi rigid chondrocytes
28
what are chondrocytes?
the support cells of hyaline cartilage that are semi rigid
29
what does fibrocartilage contain?
many collagen fibres
30
where is fibrocartilage present?
present in cartilaginous joints | e.g the mensci of the knee joint
31
what is elastic cartilage of cartilage connective tissue made up of?
made up of elastin and collagen fibres
32
where is elastic cartilage present?
present in the ear
33
what is bone connective tissue?
a collagen containing matrix that becomes calcified
34
where is compact bone positioned?
positioned on the outside for strength
35
where is cancellous/spongy bone positioned?
arranged in the middle to form the trabeculae
36
what does the arrangement of bone depend on?
depends on the stress/weight bearing nature of the bone
37
what are the 2 key components of connective tissue?
cells and the ECM
38
what determines the properties of the connective tissue?
the constituents of the ECM
39
what are support cells for connective tissue derived from?
derived from embryological tissue mesenchyme which is a type of connective tissue
40
what do support cells produce?
produce the ECM components
41
what is mesenchyme the common embryonic origin for?
fibroblasts chondroblasts osteoblasts
42
what is the development of fibroblasts?
fibroblasts --> fibrocyte --> connective tissue proper
43
what is the development of chondroblasts?
chondroblast --> chondrocyte --> cartilage
44
what is the development of osteoblasts?
osteoblast --> osteocyte --> bone (osseous)
45
what do fibroblasts produce?
produce cells that secrete the ECM
46
what is the matrix of connective tissue proper?
jelly-like matrix
47
what is the matrix of adipose tissue
very little matrix
48
what is the matrix of cartilage?
firm almost solid matrix
49
what is the matrix of bone?
solid and rigid matrix
50
what 3 things compose the ECM?
ground substance fibrillar proteins adhesion proteins
51
what are the structural glycoproteins present in the ground substance?
glucoaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans
52
what are GAGs (glucoaminoglycans)?
2 different sugar chains in a very long unbranching polysaccharide
53
what are proteoglycans?
proteins that bind covalently to GAGs (glucoaminoglycans)
54
what fibrillar proteins?
fibres that provide strength and elasticity
55
what do adhesion proteins link together?
link fibres, ground substance and cells together
56
what is the most common GAG (glucoaminoglycan)?
hyaluronic acid (hyaluronate)
57
what is hyaluronic acid?
a long linear molecule of 2 repeating sugar molecules
58
what is the other GAG (not hyaluronic acid)?
dermaton sulphate
59
what is the relationship between dermaton sulphate and hyaluronic acid?
dermaton sulphate GAGs attach via hyaluronic acid as proteoglycans
60
why are GAG's hydrophillic?
these molecules are hydrophilic as they are negatively charged
61
what do proteoglycans and GAGs interact with?
interact with each other water + salt collagen other fibres + molecules
62
what is the most abundant protein the human body?
collagen
63
why is collagen the most abundant protein in the human body?
because it is found in most supporting tissues
64
what is collagen secreted by?
secreted by fibroblasts
65
what colour does collagen stain from the H&E stain?
pink
66
what is collagen in terms of fibres?
a series of twisted protein fibres
67
what is the relationship between collagen fibres and the electron microscope?
collagen fibres are banded under the electron microscope due to the overlap between the triple helices
68
how many different types of collagen are there?
28 different types
69
what is type I collagen?
makes up around 90% of collagen in the body and composes ligaments, tendons, bone and skin
70
what is type II collagen?
cartilage
71
what is type III collagen?
reticular tissue that forms reticular fibres
72
what is type IV collagen?
the basement membrane
73
what is the function of adhesion glycoproteins?
mediate interactions between cell cytoskeletons and the ECM
74
what is fibronectin?
an adhesion protein that is a dimeric glycoprotein that binds collagen to intergrins on the cell surface + proteoglycans + cells
75
what is laminin?
an adhesion protein that binds multiple ECM components that forms sheets that makeup the basement membrane and binds cells to the basement membrane (integrins)
76
what are cell-matrix adhesion mechanisms?
junctions between cells and the ECM that are important for maintaining structural integrity
77
what is the function of focal adhesions?
bind cells to the ECM
78
what is the function of hemidesmosomes?
attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane
79
what are the 4 methods cells use to anchor to the ECM?
1) GAGs and proteoglycans anchor to the matrix 2) collagen and elastin anchor to structural fibres 3) fibronectin and laminin anchor to adhesive glycoproteins 4) integrins anchor to transmembrane receptors
80
what do integrin proteins interact with?
interact with other proteins on both sides of the lipid bilayer
81
how do support cells bind to the ECM?
via focal adhesions
82
how do cells anchor to the basement membrane?
cells anchor to the basement membrane as intermediate filaments (cytokeratin) attach to stationary epithelial cells that bind to the ECM via hemidesmosomes
83
how are integrins linked to intracellular intermediate filaments?
linked via an electron dense plaque

ANAT242 Lectures 1-38 (7 decks)

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