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Kin 110 > Anatomical position, planes, movement, etc > Flashcards

Anatomical position, planes, movement, etc Flashcards

1
Q

What is regional anatomy?

A

Approach to studying human anatomy by organizing the body into parts (head, neck, trunk (thorax, abdomen, pelvis/perineum, and back), and paired upper limbs

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2
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Approach to anatomical study organized by organ systems that work together to carry out basic physiological activities

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3
Q

What is clinical anatomy?

A

Integrates knowledge of the regional and systemic approaches into the clinical practice (conduct a complete physical examination)

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4
Q

What is functional anatomy?

A

Use of basic structural anatomy composition to develop an understanding of functionality of the structures in the musculoskeletal system

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5
Q

Describe the anatomical position

A

-Standing erect
- Head, eyes (gaze), and toes facing forward
- Upper limbs by the sides with palms facing anteriorly
- Lower limbs close together with feet parallel and toes directed anteriorly

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6
Q

Describe the median plane

A

Vertical plane passing longitudinally through the center of the body, dividing it into left and right portions

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7
Q

Describe the sagittal planes

A

Vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane

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8
Q

Describe the frontal planes

A

Vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing it into anterior and posterior portions

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9
Q

Describe the transverse planes

A

Horizontal plane passing through the body at right angles to the median and frontal planes, dividing it into superior and inferior portions

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10
Q

Describe the oblique planes

A

Planes that don’t align with any of the other plane

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to surface

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12
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a superficial and deep structures

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13
Q

Deep

A

Farther from surface

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14
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to median plane

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from median plane

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16
Q

Posteior

A

Nearer to back

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17
Q

Inferior

A

Nearer to feet

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18
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer to front

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19
Q

Distal

A

Farther from trunk or p.origin

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20
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to trunk or p.origin

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21
Q

Superior

A

Nearer the head

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22
Q

Palmar

A

Anterior hand (palm)

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23
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior hand (dorsum)

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24
Q

Plantar

A

Inferior foot surface (sole)

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25
Q

Inferomedial

A

Nearer to the feet and closer to the median plane

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26
Q

Superolateral

A

Nearer the head and farther from median plane

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27
Q

Bilateral

A

Paired structures with right and left members

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28
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Those occurring on the same side

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29
Q

Contralateral

A

Occuring at opposite sides of the body

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30
Q

Extension

A

Place arm, trunk, leg posteriorly; displace crus anteriorly (place it back in the floor)

31
Q

Flexion

A

Place arm, trunk, leg anteriorly; displace crus posteriorly (elevate)

32
Q

Supination

A

Palm facing upwards

33
Q

Pronation

A

Palm facing downwards

34
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Moving foot upwards

35
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Moving foot downwards

36
Q

Eversion

A

Turn footsole away from the median

37
Q

Inversion

A

Turn footsole towards the median

38
Q

Lateral (external) rotation

A

Turn away from the median

39
Q

Medial (internal) rotation

A

Turn towards the median

40
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement

41
Q

Abduction

A

Away from midline

42
Q

Adduction

A

Towards midline

43
Q

Lateral bending

A

Laterally flex the trunk

44
Q

Elevation

A

Rise shoulders

45
Q

Depression

A

Push shoulders downwards

46
Q

Protraction

A

Push shoulders forward

47
Q

Retraction

A

Pull shoulders backwards

48
Q

Protrusion

A

Jaw outwards

49
Q

Retrusion

A

Jaw inwards

50
Q

Opposition

A

Place thumb on the opposite side from where it originally is (thumb to pinky)

51
Q

Reposition

A

Put thumb back where it belongs in anatomical position

52
Q

What composes the axial skeleton?

A

Bones of: head (cranium), neck (cervical vertebrae), and trunk (ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and sacrum)

53
Q

What composes the appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of: limbs (including those forming pectoral (clavicle and scapula) and pelvic girdles (hip bones and sacrum)

54
Q

How are fibrous joints united?

A

By fibrous tissue

55
Q

Movement of fibrous joints

A

Although some are slightly movable, most of them are immobile

56
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Syndesmosis and gomphosis

57
Q

How are cartilaginous joints united?

A

Hyaline cartilage (primary cartilaginous joints (synchondroses)) or fibrocartilage (secondary cartilaginous joints (symphyses))

58
Q

Movement of cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly movable (more than fibrous, less than synovial)

59
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses and symphyses

60
Q

How are synovial joints united?

A

Joint capsule (fibrous capsule lined with synovial membrane)

61
Q

Movement of synovial joints

A

Free movement

62
Q

Shape and movement of pivot joints

A

Rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket; allowing rotation

63
Q

Shape and movement of ball and socket joints

A

Rounded head fits into concavity, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction

64
Q

Shape and movement of plane joints

A

2 mirrored plane plates of bone, permits gliding and sliding

65
Q

Shape and movement of hinge joints

A

Cylindrical end fits into a half hollow cylindrical opposite end, allows flexion and extension

66
Q

Shape and movement of saddle joints

A

Saddle-shaped heads bind one on top of the other by being at a 90º in relation to the other, allow extension, flexion, adduction, and abduction

67
Q

Shape and movement of condyloid joints

A
68
Q

Shape and types of pennate muscles

A

Feather-like in arrangement of fascicles
- Unipennate → fibers run obliquely and insert into a tendon unilaterally

  • Bipennate → fibers run obliquely and in a 90º to one another; insert into a central tendon bilaterally
  • Multipennate → multiple bipennate and unipennate muscles converge into a common major tendon
69
Q

Shape of fusiform muscles

A

Spindle-shaped (round, thick belly, and tapered ends)

70
Q

Shape of parallel muscles

A

Fascicles lie parallel to long axis of muscle

71
Q

Shape of convergent muscles

A

Have a broad attachment from which fascicles converge to a single tendon

72
Q

Shape of circular muscles

A

Surround a body opening or orifice, constricting it when contracted

73
Q

Shape of digastric muscles

A

Feature two bellies in series, sharing a common intermediate tendon

Kin 110 (10 decks)

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