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Anatomy Week 1 > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing Erect;
Arms by the side
Palms Supinated
Feet Flat on floor

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2
Q

Superior/Cranial/Cephalic

A

towards the head

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3
Q

Inferior/Caudal

A

nearer to the feet

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4
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Nearer to the front

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5
Q

Posterior/Dorsal

A

Nearer to the Back

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6
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the median (center) plane

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from the medial (middle) plane

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8
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the trunk or point of origin

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9
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from the trunk or point of origin

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10
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to the skin

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11
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a superficial and deep structure

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12
Q

Deep (position)

A

farther from the surface

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13
Q

Supine

A

body or structure (i.e. palms) lies anterior side up

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14
Q

prone

A

body or structure lies anterior side down

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15
Q

Supination

A

movement rotating the object to a supine position

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16
Q

pronation

A

movement/rotation that moves the object to a prone positin

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17
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane diving body into left and right halves

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18
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

vertical plane dividing body into equal halves

19
Q

Parasagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane dividing body into unequal halves

20
Q

Coronal/Frontal Plane

A

Vertical plane dividing body into posterior and anterior portions

21
Q

Horizontal/Transverse/Axial Plane

A

Plane that “cuts the body in half” into superior and inferior portions

22
Q

Abduction

A

Movement AWAY FROM axis or midline of the body or a part

An ABDUCTOR takes things AWAY

23
Q

Adduction

A

movement TOWARD the axis/midline of the body or one of its parts

24
Q

Flexion

A

Folding movement that DECREASES THE ANGLE between bones

Ex. Flexion at hips, knees, ankles, arm, hands, trunk

25
Q

Extension

A

An INCREASE IN THE ANGLE between two bones

  • restores body to anatomical position after flexion
26
Q

Rotation

A

movement around a vertical axis

supination and pronation

27
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

EXTENSION of the foot at the ANKLE JOINT

  • standing on the TIP TOES
  • Increases the angle between the top of the foot and the tibia (Extension)
  • Decreases the angle between the bottom of the foot (plantar) and the calf (Flexion)
28
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

FLEXION of the foot at the ANKLE JOINT

  • top of the foot moves to the tibia
  • Standing on the heels
29
Q

Inversion

A

ROTATION at the ANKLE turning the foot so that the sole faces medially

30
Q

Eversion

A

ROTATION at the ANKLE turning the foot so that the sole faces LATERALLY

31
Q

Conventional Radiography

A

X-rays

32
Q

Computer Assisted Tomography

A

CT or CAT scan

33
Q

Magnetic Resonance Image

A

MRI

34
Q

Ultrasonagraphy

A

Ultrasound

35
Q

X-ray Function

A

Shooting a direct beam of X-rays at a specific body part and detecting emerging radiation

36
Q

X-Ray Luminosity (Greatest to Least)

A
  1. Bones –>
    • radio opaque due to crystalline structure
  2. Body Fluids & Tissue
    • similar density (fat is slightly more lucent)
  3. Air filled structures (lumen of stomach/colon)
    • radio-lucent (appear black)
      * *The denser the structure the brighter the image**
37
Q

PA X-ray Projection

A

Rays pass through the body from the POSTERIOR to ANTERIOR side

38
Q

AP X-ray Projection

A

Rays pass from the ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR side

39
Q

X-ray distortion

A

Distortion increases with distance from x-ray detector

  • the farther away a tissue is from the detector the larger it appears on the image
    • Ex. the heart appears larger in an AP projection
40
Q

CT/CAT scan Method of action

A

Multiple x-rays are rapidly performed and analyzed by a computer to produce the given plane

- more details than a standard X-ray
- at least 100x more radiation used than standard x-ray
41
Q

MRI Method of Action

A

Uses magnetic fields to produce images of soft tissue

- free from damaging side effects of CT/X-ray scan
- can't use if patient has any metal in them
42
Q

Ultrasound Method of Action

A

Sonar (high frequency sound waves) reflect differently off of different structures
- difficult to interpret images

43
Q

Nuclear Medicine Imaging Method of Action

A

Radioactive Material injected and taken up selectively by different organs/targets
- evaluates the physiological function of an organ/structure

Anatomy Week 1 (5 decks)

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