Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

Standing Erect;
Arms by the side
Palms Supinated
Feet Flat on floor

Question 2

Superior/Cranial/Cephalic

Answer 2

towards the head

Question 3

Inferior/Caudal

Answer 3

nearer to the feet

Question 4

Anterior/Ventral

Answer 4

Nearer to the front

Question 5

Posterior/Dorsal

Answer 5

Nearer to the Back

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Nearer to the median (center) plane

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

Farther from the medial (middle) plane

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Nearer to the trunk or point of origin

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Farther away from the trunk or point of origin

Question 10

Superficial

Answer 10

Nearer to the skin

Question 11

Intermediate

Answer 11

Between a superficial and deep structure

Question 12

Deep (position)

Answer 12

farther from the surface

Question 13

Supine

Answer 13

body or structure (i.e. palms) lies anterior side up

Question 14

prone

Answer 14

body or structure lies anterior side down

Question 15

Supination

Answer 15

movement rotating the object to a supine position

Question 16

pronation

Answer 16

movement/rotation that moves the object to a prone positin

Question 17

Sagittal Plane

Answer 17

Vertical plane diving body into left and right halves

Question 18

Midsagittal plane

Answer 18

vertical plane dividing body into equal halves

Question 19

Parasagittal Plane

Answer 19

Vertical plane dividing body into unequal halves

Question 20

Coronal/Frontal Plane

Answer 20

Vertical plane dividing body into posterior and anterior portions

Question 21

Horizontal/Transverse/Axial Plane

Answer 21

Plane that “cuts the body in half” into superior and inferior portions

Question 22

Abduction

Answer 22

Movement AWAY FROM axis or midline of the body or a part

An ABDUCTOR takes things AWAY

Question 23

Adduction

Answer 23

movement TOWARD the axis/midline of the body or one of its parts

Question 24

Flexion

Answer 24

Folding movement that DECREASES THE ANGLE between bones

Ex. Flexion at hips, knees, ankles, arm, hands, trunk

Question 25

Extension

Answer 25

An INCREASE IN THE ANGLE between two bones - restores body to anatomical position after flexion

Question 26

Rotation

Answer 26

movement around a vertical axis | supination and pronation

Question 27

Plantar Flexion

Answer 27

EXTENSION of the foot at the ANKLE JOINT - standing on the TIP TOES - Increases the angle between the top of the foot and the tibia (Extension) - Decreases the angle between the bottom of the foot (plantar) and the calf (Flexion)

Question 28

Dorsiflexion

Answer 28

FLEXION of the foot at the ANKLE JOINT - top of the foot moves to the tibia - Standing on the heels

Question 29

Inversion

Answer 29

ROTATION at the ANKLE turning the foot so that the sole faces medially

Question 30

Eversion

Answer 30

ROTATION at the ANKLE turning the foot so that the sole faces LATERALLY

Question 31

Conventional Radiography

Answer 31

X-rays

Question 32

Computer Assisted Tomography

Answer 32

CT or CAT scan

Question 33

Magnetic Resonance Image

Answer 33

MRI

Question 34

Ultrasonagraphy

Answer 34

Ultrasound

Question 35

X-ray Function

Answer 35

Shooting a direct beam of X-rays at a specific body part and detecting emerging radiation

Question 36

X-Ray Luminosity (Greatest to Least)

Answer 36

1. Bones --> - radio opaque due to crystalline structure 2. Body Fluids & Tissue - similar density (fat is slightly more lucent) 3. Air filled structures (lumen of stomach/colon) - radio-lucent (appear black) * *The denser the structure the brighter the image**

Question 37

PA X-ray Projection

Answer 37

Rays pass through the body from the POSTERIOR to ANTERIOR side

Question 38

AP X-ray Projection

Answer 38

Rays pass from the ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR side

Question 39

X-ray distortion

Answer 39

Distortion increases with distance from x-ray detector - the farther away a tissue is from the detector the larger it appears on the image - Ex. the heart appears larger in an AP projection

Question 40

CT/CAT scan Method of action

Answer 40

Multiple x-rays are rapidly performed and analyzed by a computer to produce the given plane - more details than a standard X-ray - at least 100x more radiation used than standard x-ray

Question 41

MRI Method of Action

Answer 41

Uses magnetic fields to produce images of soft tissue - free from damaging side effects of CT/X-ray scan - can't use if patient has any metal in them

Question 42

Ultrasound Method of Action

Answer 42

Sonar (high frequency sound waves) reflect differently off of different structures - difficult to interpret images

Question 43

Nuclear Medicine Imaging Method of Action

Answer 43

Radioactive Material injected and taken up selectively by different organs/targets - evaluates the physiological function of an organ/structure