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Anatomy > anatomical terms: thoracic wall and the lungs > Flashcards

anatomical terms: thoracic wall and the lungs Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Superior boundary of Thoracic cavity

A

thoracic aperture (rib I, T1 vertebra, and manubrium); root of the neck

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2
Q

Rib cage

A

Rib cage: ribs, sternum anteriorly, and thoracic vertebrae posterioly

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3
Q

Inferior boundary

A

diaphragm with 3 important openings: caval opening, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus

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4
Q

Caval opening

A

T8 vertebral level, crossing right dome, inferior vena cava

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5
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

T10 vertebral, in the right crus folding

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6
Q

aortic hiatus

A

T12 vertebral level, by right and left crus, median arcuate ligament

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7
Q

Manubrium

A

the upper broad part of the sternum, it contains the jugular notch, clavicular articulating site, 1st rib articulating site, sternal angle (rib 2 articulates there, the manubriosternal joint)

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8
Q

Body of the sternum

A

Middle part of the sternum, with manubrium articulates with the 2nd rib, facets for ribs junction III-VI, rib 7 facet at xiphosternal joint

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9
Q

Head of Ribs

A

posterior end of the ribs that articulates with the vertebral body. Demifacets are presents on thoracic vertebral bodies except I, X, XI, and XII

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10
Q

Neck of the Ribs

A

narrowed region of the rib next to the head

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11
Q

Body of the Ribs

A

shaft portion of the rib

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12
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum

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13
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

small process that forms the inferior tip of the sternum

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14
Q

Costovertebral joint

A

head of ribs and demifacets/full facets on the vertebral body
Ribs I, X, XI, and XII with ONE independent vertebral facet

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15
Q

Costotransverse joint

A

rib neck and facet on the transverse process

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16
Q

Superior costotransverse ligament

A

superior transverse process to inferior rib neck

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17
Q

Lateral/costotransverse ligaments

A

same level transverse process and rib neck

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18
Q

True ribs

A

costal cartilage articulating with the sternum

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19
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs that indirectly articulate with the sternum

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20
Q

Intercostal space

A

space between 2 ribs, total 11

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21
Q

Pump handle movement

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A

Inspiration resulting in the upper ribs moving sternum anteriorly and superiorly resulting in increase of anterior and posterior diameter of the ribs.

22
Q

Bucket handle movement

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A

During inspiration the angle of the lower ribs, indirect attachment of 8-10 ribs to sternum through 7th rib result in increasing the transverse diameter.

23
Q

myotome

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A

a group of muscles which is innervated by single spinal nerve root

24
Q

intercostal nerve

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A

are the somatic nerves that arise from the anterior divisions of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. These nerves in addition to supplying the thoracic wall also supply the pleura and peritoneum.

25
What forms the thoracic wall?
formed by 12 ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, cartilage, sternum, and five muscles (external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, subcostalis, and transversus thoracis)
26
Costocervical trunk
a branch of the subclavian artery which supplies the upper extremities and contributes partly to the blood supply of the head and neck. (Superior portion)
27
Where does the supreme intercostal a. branch from?
branches from the costocervical trunk
28
Posterior intercostal a.
branches from aorta and it supplies blood to the posterior portion. Extends anteriorly, lying within the costal groove of the rib above and accompanied by a vein superiorly and a nerve inferiorly
29
Internal thoracic a.
Branches from the subclavian a. and supplies the anterior side
30
What arteries branch from the internal thoracic a.?
Anterior intercostal a., Musculophrenic a., Superior epigastric a.
31
Mnemonic for Axillary Artery breakdown
Screw The Lawer Save A Patient: (Superior thoracic a., Thoracoacromial artery/trunk, Lateral/long thoracic artery, Subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, Posterior circumflex humeral artery)
32
What artery does the axillary artery branches from?
Subclavian a.
33
Brachiocephalic vein branches to what veins?
Internal thoracicvein/superior intercostal vein
34
Azygos vein
the azygos vein is a unilateral vessel that ascends in the right posterior mediastinum along the right border of the inferior eight thoracic vertebrae
35
External intercostal membrane
found within the intercostal spaces of the costal cartilages, where it extends from the sternal ends of the ribs to the anteromedial ends of the intercostal spaces
36
posterior intercostal membrane
thin aponeurosis that arises from the posterior end of the internal intercostal muscles.
37
Diaphragm
primary inspiratory muscle. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs
38
inspiration
the process of taking air into the lungs. It is the active phase of ventilation because it is the result of muscle contraction
39
expiration
The second phase is called expiration, or exhaling. When the lungs exhale, the diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases
40
pleural cavity
between 2 layers of pleura, separated right and left lungs, lubrication
41
mediastinum
a space in your chest that holds your heart and other important structures. It's the middle section of your thoracic cavity, between your left and right pleural cavities
42
serous membrane
thin layers of tissue that line body cavities and organs. In short, they excrete lubricating substances that allow organs and structures to slide over one another
43
3 lobes of the lung
superior, middle, inferior
44
2 fissures of the lung
oblique fissure and horizontal fissure
45
Oblique fissure
separating superior and middle from inferior lobes
46
Horizontal fissure
separating the superior from the middle lobe
47
Hilum
the space where vessels and nerves pass from your bronchus to your lungs
48
Bronchi
carry air to and from your lungs
49
trachea
air passageway
50
alveoli
where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out, and it has a single layer of specialized epithelia

Anatomy (25 decks)

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