Anatomy Flashcards by Molly Kat

Joints between ribs and sternum ………..

Sternocostal joints (synchondrosis)

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What connects the sternum to the manubrium and costal cartilage and is present in the manubriosternal joint?

Intraarticular sternocostal ligament

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Joints between ribs and vertebrae?

Costovertebral joints

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The joint of head of rib is what type of joint and what does it connect?

Plane joint

Connects joints b/w ribs and vertebrae (Costovertebral joints)

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What is the name of the joint that connects the sternum to the costal cartilage?

Sternocostal joint

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During breathing, the dimensions of the thorax change in the vertical, lateral, and anteroposterior directions due to the ………

Ribs

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Elevation and depression of the ………….. significantly alter the vertical dimensions of the thorax

Diaphragm

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Diaphragm contracts: ……

Diaphragm relaxes:…..

Inspiration (depression of the diaphragm)

Expiration (elevation of the diaphragm)

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This “pump handle” movement changes the dimensions of the thorax in the ……….l direction.
What is the movement of the ribs while inspiration and expiration?

Anteroposterior.
Inspiration: when the ribs are elevated, they move the sternum upward and forward.
Expiration: When the ribs are depressed, the sternum moves downward and backward.

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The cavity between the 2 lungs is known as?

Mediastinum

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Facia(film that covers the muscle)+bony structure=

Thoracic cavity

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What are the borders of the superior thoracic apparture(thoracic inlet)?

Laterally: first thoracic bone(costa), first costal cartilage, first thoracic vertebrae, manubrium
Anteriorly: sternum, jugular notch (suprasternal notch) of sternum

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Cervical ribs are present in approximately 1% of the population.
What is the consequence of this congenital error?

Cervical rib may compress the subclavian artery

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,…………. It is the thin layer that seperates the parietal pleura from the thoracic wall

Endothoracic fascia

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Which muscle is the most active during inspiration, moves ribs upward?

External intercostal muscle

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Which muscle is the most active during expiration, moves ribs inferiorly?which other muscle acts with it?

Internal intercostal muscle, inner most intercostal muscle aids in expiration

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the costal groove is present on the

Inferior surface of ribs

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Which muscles are needed for quiet expiration?

None, expiration results from passive recoil of lungs

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Which muscles are needed for active expiration?

Internal intercostal m
Innermost intercostal m
Abdominal m

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What are some features of sternal angle?

Level of 2nd costal rib
Manubriosternal joint, which is a cartilaginous joint
T4 level vertebrae

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Thoracic wall is supplied by

……………………… and …………….

anterior intercostal arteries and

posterior intercostal arteries

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what are the branches of costocervical trunk?

[left subclavian artery]–>costocervical trunk–>supreme intercostal artery–>1st-2nd posterior intercostal artery

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1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery originates from which trunk?

costocervical trunk

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what are the branches of the thoracic aorta?

A: arch of aorta
B: brachiocephalic trunk
C: left common carotid artery
S: left subclavian artery
\+ Bronchial artery , Esophageal artery, superior phrenic artery

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•In each intercostal space, the anterior intercostal arteries usually have two branches anteriorly: -->One passes below the margin of the upper rib -->The other passes above the margin of the lower rib and meets and connects with ................

posterior intercostal artery

The ascending aorta has two small branches. These are the major Coronary Arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the .........

heart

The ascending aorta, along with the aortic arch and the descending aorta, makes up the ................

thoracic aorta.

The ascending aorta carries oxygenated blood from the ......... ventricle to the rest of your body.

left

name where do each of the ascending, descending, and abdominal aortas start and end

- ->ascending aorta ends at the sternal angle - ->descending aorta starts at sternal angle and ends at L5 - ->abdominal aorta extends below the diaphragm`

what are the branches of internal thoracic artery ()?

musculophrenic artery and superior epigastric artery

what is the only artery that goes to the inferior part of the thorax?

internal thoracic artery(6th lvl)

............... is the lowest pair of branches from the thoracic aorta located inferior to rib XII

Subcostal artery

intercostal vein, artery, nerve--> located in ............--> which is between internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles

costal groove

what are the right sided veins?

right brachiocephalic vein-->azygos vein right superior intercostal vein-->azygos vein posterior intercostal vein-->azygos vein 12th subcostal vein--> azygos vein

what are the left sided veins?

accessory hemiazygos vein | hemiazygos vein

•Azygos vein drain into ........................ at T4 level

superior vena cava

what do the intercostal nerves innervate?

**Parietal Pleura intercostal muscles periosteum of ribs

•One of the important anatomical landmark used to evaluate the thoracal and abdominal location of the organs during the physical examination is the sternal angle. Sternum articulates with which of the following bones at this angle?

2nd rib

•Intercostalis supreme artery that supply the first two intercostal spaces is the branch of which of the following arteries?

costocervical trunk

where in the mediastinum are infections and neoplasms emerge?

posterior mediastinum

from where do left/right coronary arteries arise from?

ascending aorta

what do the left/right coronary arteries supply?

supply oxygenated blood to myocardium of heart

the bifurcation of trachea occurs at what level? and which part of mediastinum?

T4 | middle mediastinum

the ..............comes posterior to the mediastinum?

esophagus

what artery emerge from thoracic aorta?

posterior intercostal artery

Azygose vein drain into ................. at T4

(posterior of) superior vena cava

what are the contents of anterior mediastinum?

1) connective tissue 2) lymph node 3) thymus residues 4) mediastinal branches of internal thoracic artery

phrenic nerve is located at which side of the heart? and passes by which opening?

right/left side | caval opening

which larynx nerves pass posterior to subclavian artery (branch of thoracic aorta)?

recurrent laryngeal nerve

what does the right superior intercostal vein drain into?

azygose vein

what are the contents of middle mediastinum?

H&P.A.P: heart& pericardium ascending aorta pulmonary trunk ISV.EA: inferior part of superior vena cava end of azigose vein PPav.Pn: phrenic nerve pericardiophrenic artery and vein ``` TB.PB.CP.L: Trachial bifurcation r./l. primary bronchus cardiac plexus lymph node ```

There are vessels in the ..............layer: the coronary arteries and cardiac veins that supply the heart

epicardium

The ........................ muscle is lined internally by the endothoracic fascia and parietal pleura.

innermost intercostal muscle

phrenic nerve supplies?

diaphragm, pericardium of heart

what sinus is formed by the reflection onto the pulmonary veins of heart, [is a recess formed by the reflection of the serous pericardium around the venae cava and the four pulmonary veins] ?

oblique pericardial sinus

which sinus separates arteries from veins and is a passage between the reflection of the serous pericardium around the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk and the reflection around the great veins?

transverse pericardium sinus

posterior intercostal veins drain into the .................

azygos or hemiazygos veins

anterior intercostal veins drain into the ....................

internal thoracic | and musculophrenic veins.

apex is which part of the heart ?

left ventricle

the Base(back of heart) is which part of the heart?

right/left atrium

The coronary sinus opens into the .............

right atrium

which vena cava has a valve and what are their features

they both open into right atrium The superior vena cava has no valve. The inferior vena cava, which actually is larger than the superior vena cava, has a rudimentary valve

3rd-11th posterior intercostal arteries originates from which trunk?

descending thoracic aorta

Anatomy Flashcards

(63 cards)