Anatomy

Question 1

What muscles is the pelvic floor comprised of?

Answer 1

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Question 2

What 3 muscles make up levator ani?

Answer 2

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

Question 3

Where do the three bones of the pelvis meet?

Answer 3

Acertabulum

Question 4

What are the branches of the anterior branch of the internal iliac?

Answer 4

Obturator
Umbilical
Vesical 
Middle rectal
Internal pudendal
Inferior gluteal
Vaginal and uterine (females)

Question 5

What are the branches of the posterior branch of internal iliac?

Answer 5

Superior gluteal
Lateral sacral
Iliolumbar

Question 6

What is the perineum divided into?

Answer 6

Anal triangle

Urogenital triangle

Question 7

Describe the function and course of the vas deferens

Answer 7

Carries sperm from the epididymis and connects to the duct of the seminal vesicle
Epididymis -> Vas deferens -> up the spermatic cord and through the inguinal canal -> around bladder -> medial to seminal vesicle

Question 8

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 8

To secrete a thick alkaline fluid which forms the bulk of seminal fluid
Lies laterally to the ampulla of vas deferens

Question 9

Where is the prostate gland and what is its function?

Answer 9

Lies inferiorly against the neck of the bladder, is pierced by the urethra and ejaculatory duct
Produces secretions which are added to the seminal fluid

Question 10

What are the sections of the uterine tubes (lateral to medial)?

Answer 10

Fimbriae -> infundibulum -> ampulla -> isthmus

Question 11

What are the 3 sections of the uterus?

Answer 11

Fundus
Body
Cervix

Question 12

What term is used to describe the uterus being bent forwards?

Answer 12

Ante-flexed

Question 13

What term is used to describe the uterus being bent backwards?

Answer 13

Retro-verted

Question 14

What muscle determines the position of the uterus?

Answer 14

Levator ani

Question 15

What nerves innervate the vulva?

Answer 15

Ilioinguinal
Genital branch of genitofemoral
Pudendal
Posterior cutaneous

Question 16

Describes the course of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Answer 16

Travels through the inguinal canal

Question 17

What is the arterial supply of the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

Answer 17

Forgut - coeliac axis
Midgut - superior mesenteric
Hindgut - inferior mesenteric

Question 18

What is the sympathetic innervation of the foregut, midgut and hindgut?

Answer 18

Foregut - greater splanchnic
Midgut - lesser splanchnic
Hindgut - least splanchnic

Question 19

What are the nerve roots of the greater splanchnic nerve?

Answer 19

T5/6 - T9

Question 20

What are the nerve roots of the lesser splanchnic nerve?

Answer 20

T10 - T11

Question 21

What are the nerve roots of the least splanchnic nerve?

Answer 21

T12 (sometimes L1)

Question 22

What muscles of the hand does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 22

LLOAF
2 lateral lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Question 23

What is the action of the lumbricals?

Answer 23

Flex MCP

Extend IP

Question 24

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 24

Femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

Question 25

What are the upper and lower bounds of the gluteal region?

Answer 25

Upper - iliac crest | Lower - gluteal fold

Question 26

What embryological layer is the epithelial lining of the GI tract derived from?

Answer 26

Endoderm

Question 27

What is contained in the spermatic cord?

Answer 27

``` Testicular artery Cremasteric artery and vein Artery to vas deferens Pampiniform plexus (drains into testicular vein) Genital branch of genitofemoral Autonomic nerves Vas deferens Vaginalis Lymphatic vessels ```

Question 28

What is the difference in the position of the left and right kidney?

Answer 28

The right kidney (L1-L3) sits lower than the left kidney (T12-L2) due to the presence of the liver

Question 29

What shape are the adrenal glands?

Answer 29

Right - pyramidal | Left - semi lunar/crescent

Question 30

What does the pituitary gland sit in?

Answer 30

Sella Turcica (part of the sphenoid bone)

Question 31

What does the pituitary gland hang from?

Answer 31

Infundibulum

Question 32

Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?

Answer 32

Right - hooks under right subclavian | Left - hooke under arch of aorta

Question 33

Damage to which nerve causes a hoarse voice?

Answer 33

Recurrent laryngeal

Question 34

What are the coronary ligaments of the liver?

Answer 34

A circle of ligaments that look like a crown on the superior aspect of the liver

Question 35

Which artery is the main supplier of blood to the penis?

Answer 35

Internal pudendal artery

Question 36

What is the innervation of trapezius?

Answer 36

Cn. 11 (accessory nerve)

Question 37

What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 37

Thoracodorsal nerve

Question 38

What is the innervation of infraspinatus?

Answer 38

Suprascapular nerve

Question 39

What is the innervation of rhomboid major and minor?

Answer 39

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 40

What is the innervation of serratus posterior inferior?

Answer 40

Intercostal nerve

Question 41

What supplies motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 41

External branch of superior laryngeal

Question 42

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 42

Sensory innervation to the infraglottis | Motor innervation to all internal muscles of the larynx EXCEPT cricothyroid

Question 43

What does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 43

Internal branches - sensory innervation to supraglottis | External branches - motor innervation to cricothyroid