anatomy Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are the functions of the frontal lobe
primary motor cortex (so movement)
executive functions; planning, decision making, inhibition
Brocas area (found in dominant hemisphere of frontal lobe) (comprehension)
brocas aphasia vs wernickes aphasia
brocas aphasia: comprehension is good but people cant find the words they want to use- loss of speech or conjunctives etc however they make sense as comprehension loss is minimised
wernickes aphasia: comprehension bad, speech normal. this presents as someone not having a problem putting a sentence together however the sentence will not make sense.
where is wernickes area found
posterior segment of the superior temporal gyrus in dominant hemisphere
what is the function of the parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex (sensation)
temporal lobe function
(2)
primary auditory cortex (hearing)
wernickes area (found in dominant hemisphere)
occipital lobe function
primary visual cortex
insula lobe function
pain perception
mnemonic for remembering what nerves are motor/sensory
S= sensory, M=motor, B=both
Some- Olfactory
Say- Optic
Marry- Oculomotor
Money- Trochlear
But - Trigeminal
My - Abducens
Brother- Facial
Says - Vestibulochlear
Big - Glossopharyngeal
Brains - Vagus
Matter - Accessory
Most - Hypoglossal
mnemonic for remembering the names of the cranial nerves
Oh, Olfactory
Oh, Optic
Oh, Oculomotor
To, Trochlear
Touch, Trigeminal
And, Abducens
Feel, Facial
Virgin, Vestibulocochlear
Girls, Glossopharyngeal
Vagina, vagus
And, Accessory
Hymen, Hypoglossal
what does the anterior cerebral artery supply
predominantly medial brain, anterior frontal lobe and superior convexity of frontal/parietal lobe.
frontal- judgement, impulse behaviour
medial- lower limbs
high convexity- trunk
what does the middle cerebral artery supply
and what what is affected if occluded
(2)
(3)
lateral sides of brain
basal ganglia
parietal- upper body sensory
frontal-upper body motor,facial droop
if dominant hemisphere: brocas and wernickes affected
what do the posterior cerebral arteries mainly supply
cerebellum, occipital lobe, midbrain, thalamus, inferomedial temopral lobe
cerebellum: ataxia, breathing, blood pressure etc
occipital lobe: visual cortex (would cause homonoyous hemianopia with macular sparing)
somatosensory cortex - where is it in relation to gyrus
somatosensory is postcentral gyrus
motor cortex- what gyrus
Precentral gyrus
dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway function
when does it cross the midline
fine touch, vibration and proprioception
at the medulla
spinothalamic pathway function
when does it cross the midline
pain and temperature
segmentally
corticospinal tract function
where does it cross the midline
voluntary movement of the contralateral side
lateral tract (85%) crosses at decussation of pyramids
anterior tract crosses segmentally
what artery is at risk during laparoscopy for uterus
inferior epigastric artery (branch of illiac)
where does the inferior epigastric artery emerge from and then passes in … direction
emerges from external illiac artery just medial to deep inguinal ring
passes in a superomedial direction posterior to rectus abdominis
how to differentiate between the ureter and uterine artery
the ureter passes inferior to the artery (water under the bridge)
the ureter will often “vermiculate” when touched (visible spontaneous peristalsis)
what arteries supply the medulla
posterior inferior cerebral arteries (PICA) (branch of vertebral A)
vertebral arteries
spinal arteries
what arteries supply the pons
pontine arteries
superior cerabellar arteries
AICA (anterior inferior cerebllar arteries)
(branches of the basilar artery)
what arteries supply the midbrain
posterior cerebral arteries (branch of basilar)
what is the name of the structure which connects the lateral ventricles to third ventricle
Intraventricular foramina (of Monroe)
