Psych Othef

Question 1

Scizophrenia va schizo-affective

Answer 1

the same but schizo-affective has a concurrent mood disorder

Question 2

What is the difference between 1st gen and 2nd gen anti-psychotics

Answer 2

1st gen (typical) D2 antagonists, block dopamine in mesolimbic pathways.
extrapyramidal SE’s & hyperprolactinemia common

2nd generation (atypical) D2,3,4 & 5HT antagonist.
preferred as above SE’s less common.

Question 3

side effects of anti-psychotics (both typical and atypical) in elderly

Answer 3

increased risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism in elderly patients

Question 4

schizoid vs schizotypal

Answer 4

schizoid- preference for solitude, indifference towards social relationships & emotional detachment

schizotypal- unusual thought patterns, magical thinking, limited number of close relationships

Question 5

features of dementia with lewy bodies

Answer 5

progresses over years, fluctuating symptoms, visual hallucinations, features of parkinosim

Question 6

vascular dementia features

Answer 6

commonly after stroke, years to progress, other neurological defects, emotional unstability

Question 7

depression symptoms that differentiate from being dementia

Answer 7

short history, rapid progression, insomnia, reduced appetite, stressors, global memory loss

Question 8

BPD t1 vs t2

Answer 8

t1- classic, mania and depression

t2- HYPOmania and depression

Question 9

circumstantiality definition

Answer 9

inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail, however it is important to note that the answer is still given

Question 10

give three drug names for atypical antipsychotics

Answer 10

clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone

Question 11

flight of ideas

Answer 11

going off topic, moving from one idea to another, quick, erratic often seen in mania

Question 12

perseveration

Answer 12

pt. repeats ideas or words despite attempting to change the topic

Question 13

give two drug names of typical antipsychotics

Answer 13

haloperidol
chlorpromazine

Question 14

features of anorexia nervosa, most things low except… (4)

Answer 14

most things low except Gs and Cs:
Growth hormone, Glucose salvary glands, Cortisol, Cholestrol,

Question 15

what is conversion disorder

Answer 15

aka functional neurological disorder
typically involves loss of motor or sensory function (however is in patients head)
the patient doesn’t consciously feign the symptoms (factitious disorder) or seek material gain (malingering)

Question 16

wernickes encephalopathy vs korsakoffs syndrome

Answer 16

WE:
opthalmoplegia (lateral rectus / horizontal nystagmus),
confusion
ataxia (/any cerebellar signs)

korsakoffs syndrome:
the same as ^ +
anterograde amnesia (eg. forgets your interaction)
confabulation (mistakenly recall false info)

Question 17

Knight’s move thinking aka…

Answer 17

This can be a feature of schizophrenia. It can be observed to involve leaps to different topics with poor associations to the previous topic, making the conversation very hard to follow.

derailment

Question 18

Tangentiality

Answer 18

If a person starts a conversation and can be seen to wander or ‘tangent’ off to a new topic without returning, this is known as tangentiality.

Question 19

Echolalia

Answer 19

This is the repetition of someone else’s speech.

Question 20

akathisia

Answer 20

a sense of inner restlessness and inability to keep still

often seen in ppl who have a long history of anti-psychotic use

Question 21

Acute dystonia

Answer 21

characterized by involuntary contractions of muscles of the extremities, face, neck, abdomen, pelvis, or larynx in either sustained or intermittent patterns that lead to abnormal movements or postures.typically spasm of facial muscles,

Question 22

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 22

abnormal involuntary movements like licking lips.

Question 23

clozapine- what kind of drug is it and its side effects (7)

Answer 23

atypical antipsychotic

agranulocytosis
neutropenia
REDUCES SEIZURE THRESHOLD
heart issues

Question 24

defining feature which seperates depression sx from dementia sx

Answer 24

depression has global memory loss rather than short term memory loss- the opposite is true for for dementia

Question 25

haloperidol SE what class of drug is it

Answer 25

inc risk of extrapyramidal side effects eg parkinosnism and acute dystonia typical antipsychotic

Question 26

olanzapine SE

Answer 26

higher risk of dyslipidemia and obesity

Question 27

what antipsychotic drug has the most tolerable side effect profile

Answer 27

apiprazole (atypical) - especially good for prolactin elevation

Question 28

what are clang associations

Answer 28

ideas related only by rhyme or being similar sounding

Question 29

which antidepressant has is useful for its sedative effects what class of drug is it

Answer 29

mirtzapine - also inc weight gain blocks akoha2-adrenergic receptors

Question 30

what syndrome describes a subtype of nihilistic delusions in which the persone believes they or a part of them is dead or does not exist what is it most commonly seen in

Answer 30

cotard syndrome severe depression, also associated with schizophrenia

Question 31

what is the name of the syndrome which describes deulisional parasitosis and the delusion of infestation

Answer 31

ekbom syndrome

Question 32

what is the name of the delusion of sexual infidelity on the part of a sexual paratner

Answer 32

othello

Question 33

the delusion of identifying a familiar person in various people they encounter.

Answer 33

de fregoli syndrome

Question 34

This is the delusion that a person closely related to the patient has been replaced by an impostor.

Answer 34

capgras syndrome

Question 35

list positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 35

hallucinations. deulsions catatonia disorganised speech disorganised behaviour

Question 36

negative symptoms of schizophrenia (5)

Answer 36

depressed/decreased emotion anhedonia- lack of pleasure flat affect alogia- poverty of speech avolition- poor motivation

Question 37

somatisation disorder vs conversion disorder

Answer 37

somatisation disorder- MULTIPLE PHYICAL SYMPTOMS present for at least 2 years patient refuses to accept reassurance or negative test results conversion- motor/sensroy loss- symptoms arent feigned

Question 38

somatisation disorder vs hypochondriasis

Answer 38

both refuse to accept reassurance/negative results but hypochondriasis is the belief in a spoecific underlying pathology eg cancer whereas somatisation disorder is just the physical symptoms

Question 39

acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms (5)

Answer 39

occurs 6-12 hours post last drink tremors, agitation, fevers, tachycardia, and hypertension,

Question 40

when do seizures occur alcohol withdrawal

Answer 40

36 hours

Question 41

peak incidence of delirium temens and symptoms (6)

Answer 41

48-72 hours: coarse tremor, confusion, delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, fever, tachycardia

Question 42

what section of the mental health act allows police to bring an individual who appears to have a mental disorder from a public place to a place of safety

Answer 42

section 136

Question 43

carbamezapine side effects

Answer 43

CARBA MEAN Confusion Ataxia Rashes Blurred vision Aplastic anaemia Marrow (bone marrow) supression Eosinphillia ADH release Neutropenia

Question 44

strongest risk factor for psychotic disorders

Answer 44

family history

Question 45

when should lithium levels be checked

Answer 45

the sample should be taken 12 hours post-dose

Question 46

knights move vs flight of ideas

Answer 46

Knight's move thinking there are illogical leaps from one idea to another, flight of ideas there are discernible links between ideas

Question 47

what section of the mental health act 2003 can be used to detain patients for up to 28 days for assessment what is it called who has to approve

Answer 47

section 2 short term detention order senior psychiatrist and mental health officer

Question 48

what section of the mental health act 2003 can be used to detain patients for up to 6 months what is it called

Answer 48

section 3 compulsory treatment order mho makes application. two psychiatrists or one psychiatrist and one gp approve it.

Question 49

what section of the mental health act (2007) can be used to detain a patient for up to 72 hours what is it called? can you give treatment

Answer 49

5(2) just any one doctor required. emergency detention order does not author treatment no right to appeal

Question 50

what is thought blocking

Answer 50

a neuropsychological symptom expressing a sudden and involuntary silence within a speech, and eventually an abrupt switch to another topic

Question 51

what is a neologosim

Answer 51

creation of new words/phrases

Question 52

De Clerambault's syndrome

Answer 52

therwise known as erotomania, is a delusional disorder in which the patient has a specific, fixed, false belief that someone else is in love with them.

Question 53

physiology of anxiety: (5)

Answer 53

amygdala processes sensory data and passes information to the: hypothalamus- body stress response: cortisol periaqueductal grey- mediates fight or flight response hippocampus- for memory and learning cingulate cortex: mediates anxiety emotion

Question 54

physiology of addiction

Answer 54

mesolimbic pathway- VTA releases dopamine acts on nucleus accumbens to mediate plasure/motivation prefrontal cortex involved in goal setting/decision making, can normally override mesolimbic, drugs disrupt it orbitofrontal cortex- motivation to act- hyperactive in cravings hippocampus- stores memory of pleasure and learned drug associations

Question 55

recommended units of alcohol a week

Answer 55

<14 units

Question 56

what is the aversive system

Answer 56

promotes survival in event of stress mediated by serotonin

Question 57

appetitive system

Answer 57

supports seeking behaviours mediated by dopamine

Question 58

what does this CT show

Answer 58

wide sulci narrow gyri- alzheimers

Question 59

what is the pathophysiology of the defecit caused by alzheimers

Answer 59

impairs ach from nucleus basilis of meynart