The brain is classified into six postembryonic divisions
telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
Telencephlaon consists of ____
cerebral hemispheres and the basal nuclei
Cerebral hemispheres emcompasses which brain regions
frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and lateral ventricles
Cerebral hemispheres are separated by which structures
the longitudinal cerebral fissure and the falx cerebri
Cerebral hemispheres are interconnected by which structure
corpus callosum
Frontal lob extends from ___ to ____
central sulcus, frontal lobe
Gyri of the frontal lobe
superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus and orbital gyri, anterior paracentral lobule
Superior frontal gyrus (describe)
supplementary motor cortex on the medial surface (area 6)
Middle frontal gyrus (describe)
contains the frontal eye field (area 8)
Inferior frontal gyrus (describe)
contains the Broca speech area in the dominant hemisphere (areas 44 and 45)
Gyrus rectus and orbital gyri (describe)
separated by the olfactory sulcus
Anterior paracentral lobule (describe)
Found on the medial surface between the superior frontal gyrus and the central sulcus
Parietal lobe (location)
extends from the central sulcus to the occiptal lobe. Lies superior to the temporal lobe.
Gyri of the parietal lobe
postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, posterior paracentral lobule
Postcentral gyrus (describe)
the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex (areas 3, 1, and 2)
Superior parietal lobule (describe)
comprises association areas involved in somatosensory functions (areas 5 and 7)
Gyri of inferior parietal lobule
supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus (describe)
interrelates somatosensory, auditory, and visual inputs (area 40)
Angular gyrus (describe)
receives impulses from primary visual cortex (area 39)
Precuneus (describe)
located between the paracentral lobule and the cuneus
Posterior paracentral lobule (describe)
located on the medial surface between the central sulcus and the precuneus
Temporal lobe (location)
extends from the temporal pole to the occipital lobe, inferior to the lateral sulcus
Gyri of the temporal lobe
transverse temporal gyri of Heschl, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl (location)
found within the lateral sulcus, from the superior gyrus toward the medial geniculate body
Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl (describe)
primary auditory areas of the cerebral cortex (areas 41 and 42)
Superior temporal gyrus (function)
associated with auditory functions
Superior temporal gyrus (describe)
contains the Wernicke speech area in the dominant hemisphere (area 22)
Occipital lobe contains two structures
Cuneus and lingual gyrus
Cuneus (location)
situated between the parieto-occipital sulcus and the calcarine sulcus
Cuneus (describe)
contains the visual cortex (areas 17, 18, and 19)
Lingual gyrus (describe)
contains the cisual cortex (areas 17, 18, and 19)
Lingual gyrus (location)
lies inferior to the calcarine sulcus
Insular lobe (location)
lies within the lateral sulcus
Insular lobe (describe)
has short and long gyri
Limbic lobe (structure)
C-shaped collection of structures found on the medial hemispheric surface
Limbic lobe (location)
encircles the corpus callosum and the lateral aspect of the midbrain
Gyri of limbic lobe
paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal formation
Paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area (location)
located anterior to the lamina terminalis and inferior to the corpus callosum
Cingulate gyrus (location)
parallel and superior to the corpus callosum
Parahippocampal gyrus (location)
lies between the hippocampal and collateral sulci and ends in the uncus
Hippocampal formation (describe)
includes the dentate gyrus, hippocampus and subiculum
Olfactory structures (location)
found on the orbital surface of the brain
Olfactory structures (describe)
olfactory bulb and tract, olfactory bulb, olfactory trigone and striae, anterior perforated substance, diagonal band of Broca
Olfactory bulb and tract (location)
an evagination of the telencephalon
Olfactory bulb (function)
receives the olfactory nerve (CN1)
Basa nuclei (ganglia) (structure)
constitutes the subcortical nuclei of the telencephalon and includes the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus
Caudate nucleus (structure)
part of the striatum, together with the putamen
Putamen (structure)
part of the striatum and lentiform nucleus, togethwe with the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
Globus pallidus (structure)
part of the lentiform nucleus, together with the putamen
Subthalamic nucleus (describe)
part of the diencephalon that functions with the basal nuclei
Lateral ventricles (structure)
epndyma-lined cavities of the cerebral hemispheres and contains CSF and choroid plexus
Lateral ventricles (functions)
communicates with the thrid ventricle via the two interventricular foramina
Cerebral cortex (structure)
Consists of a thin layer of gray matter, covers each cerebral hemisphere, and folded into gyri and separated by sulci
White matter (structure)
includes the cerebral commissures and the internal capsule
Cerebral commissures (function)
interconnect the cerebral hemisphere and the internal capsule
list of cerebral commissures
corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior capsule, hippocampal commissure
Corpus callosum (structure)
rostrum, genu, body and splenium
Corpus callosum (function)
interconnects the two hemispheres
Anterior commissure (location)
located in the midsagittal section between the lamina terminalis and the column of the fornix
Anterior commissure (describe)
Interconnects the olfactory bulbs with the middle and inferior temporal lobes
Hippocampal commissure (location)
located between the fornices and inferior to the splenium of the corpus callosum