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Flashcards in Anatomy Deck (61)
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1
Q

The brain is classified into six postembryonic divisions

A

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

2
Q

Telencephlaon consists of ____

A

cerebral hemispheres and the basal nuclei

3
Q

Cerebral hemispheres emcompasses which brain regions

A

frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and lateral ventricles

4
Q

Cerebral hemispheres are separated by which structures

A

the longitudinal cerebral fissure and the falx cerebri

5
Q

Cerebral hemispheres are interconnected by which structure

A

corpus callosum

6
Q

Frontal lob extends from ___ to ____

A

central sulcus, frontal lobe

7
Q

Gyri of the frontal lobe

A

superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus and orbital gyri, anterior paracentral lobule

8
Q

Superior frontal gyrus (describe)

A

supplementary motor cortex on the medial surface (area 6)

9
Q

Middle frontal gyrus (describe)

A

contains the frontal eye field (area 8)

10
Q

Inferior frontal gyrus (describe)

A

contains the Broca speech area in the dominant hemisphere (areas 44 and 45)

11
Q

Gyrus rectus and orbital gyri (describe)

A

separated by the olfactory sulcus

12
Q

Anterior paracentral lobule (describe)

A

Found on the medial surface between the superior frontal gyrus and the central sulcus

13
Q

Parietal lobe (location)

A

extends from the central sulcus to the occiptal lobe. Lies superior to the temporal lobe.

14
Q

Gyri of the parietal lobe

A

postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, posterior paracentral lobule

15
Q

Postcentral gyrus (describe)

A

the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex (areas 3, 1, and 2)

16
Q

Superior parietal lobule (describe)

A

comprises association areas involved in somatosensory functions (areas 5 and 7)

17
Q

Gyri of inferior parietal lobule

A

supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus

18
Q

Supramarginal gyrus (describe)

A

interrelates somatosensory, auditory, and visual inputs (area 40)

19
Q

Angular gyrus (describe)

A

receives impulses from primary visual cortex (area 39)

20
Q

Precuneus (describe)

A

located between the paracentral lobule and the cuneus

21
Q

Posterior paracentral lobule (describe)

A

located on the medial surface between the central sulcus and the precuneus

22
Q

Temporal lobe (location)

A

extends from the temporal pole to the occipital lobe, inferior to the lateral sulcus

23
Q

Gyri of the temporal lobe

A

transverse temporal gyri of Heschl, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)

24
Q

Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl (location)

A

found within the lateral sulcus, from the superior gyrus toward the medial geniculate body

25
Q

Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl (describe)

A

primary auditory areas of the cerebral cortex (areas 41 and 42)

26
Q

Superior temporal gyrus (function)

A

associated with auditory functions

27
Q

Superior temporal gyrus (describe)

A

contains the Wernicke speech area in the dominant hemisphere (area 22)

28
Q

Occipital lobe contains two structures

A

Cuneus and lingual gyrus

29
Q

Cuneus (location)

A

situated between the parieto-occipital sulcus and the calcarine sulcus

30
Q

Cuneus (describe)

A

contains the visual cortex (areas 17, 18, and 19)

31
Q

Lingual gyrus (describe)

A

contains the cisual cortex (areas 17, 18, and 19)

32
Q

Lingual gyrus (location)

A

lies inferior to the calcarine sulcus

33
Q

Insular lobe (location)

A

lies within the lateral sulcus

34
Q

Insular lobe (describe)

A

has short and long gyri

35
Q

Limbic lobe (structure)

A

C-shaped collection of structures found on the medial hemispheric surface

36
Q

Limbic lobe (location)

A

encircles the corpus callosum and the lateral aspect of the midbrain

37
Q

Gyri of limbic lobe

A

paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal formation

38
Q

Paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area (location)

A

located anterior to the lamina terminalis and inferior to the corpus callosum

39
Q

Cingulate gyrus (location)

A

parallel and superior to the corpus callosum

40
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus (location)

A

lies between the hippocampal and collateral sulci and ends in the uncus

41
Q

Hippocampal formation (describe)

A

includes the dentate gyrus, hippocampus and subiculum

42
Q

Olfactory structures (location)

A

found on the orbital surface of the brain

43
Q

Olfactory structures (describe)

A

olfactory bulb and tract, olfactory bulb, olfactory trigone and striae, anterior perforated substance, diagonal band of Broca

44
Q

Olfactory bulb and tract (location)

A

an evagination of the telencephalon

45
Q

Olfactory bulb (function)

A

receives the olfactory nerve (CN1)

46
Q

Basa nuclei (ganglia) (structure)

A

constitutes the subcortical nuclei of the telencephalon and includes the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus

47
Q

Caudate nucleus (structure)

A

part of the striatum, together with the putamen

48
Q

Putamen (structure)

A

part of the striatum and lentiform nucleus, togethwe with the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus

49
Q

Globus pallidus (structure)

A

part of the lentiform nucleus, together with the putamen

50
Q

Subthalamic nucleus (describe)

A

part of the diencephalon that functions with the basal nuclei

51
Q

Lateral ventricles (structure)

A

epndyma-lined cavities of the cerebral hemispheres and contains CSF and choroid plexus

52
Q

Lateral ventricles (functions)

A

communicates with the thrid ventricle via the two interventricular foramina

53
Q

Cerebral cortex (structure)

A

Consists of a thin layer of gray matter, covers each cerebral hemisphere, and folded into gyri and separated by sulci

54
Q

White matter (structure)

A

includes the cerebral commissures and the internal capsule

55
Q

Cerebral commissures (function)

A

interconnect the cerebral hemisphere and the internal capsule

56
Q

list of cerebral commissures

A

corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior capsule, hippocampal commissure

57
Q

Corpus callosum (structure)

A

rostrum, genu, body and splenium

58
Q

Corpus callosum (function)

A

interconnects the two hemispheres

59
Q

Anterior commissure (location)

A

located in the midsagittal section between the lamina terminalis and the column of the fornix

60
Q

Anterior commissure (describe)

A

Interconnects the olfactory bulbs with the middle and inferior temporal lobes

61
Q

Hippocampal commissure (location)

A

located between the fornices and inferior to the splenium of the corpus callosum