Meninges and CSF

Question 1

Meninges (describe)

Answer 1

Comprise three connective tissue membranes that invest the spinal cord and brain, which are the pia mater, the arachnoid, and the dura mater

Question 2

Pia mater (describe)

Answer 2

a delicate, vascular layer of connective tissue

Question 3

Pia mater (structure)

Answer 3

covers the surface of the brain and spinal cord, connected to the arachnoid by arachnoid trabeculae

Question 4

Denticulate ligaments (describe)

Answer 4

two lateral flattened bands of pial tissue, adhre to the spinal dura mater with 21 pair of attachments

Question 5

Filum terminale (describe)

Answer 5

extension of the pia mater

Question 6

Arachnoid (structure)

Answer 6

delicate, nonvascular connective tissue membrane between the dura and the pia mater and has the arachnoid villi

Question 7

Dura mater (structure)

Answer 7

outer layer of the meninges, consisting of dense connective tssue, divided into periosteal layer and a meningeal layer

Question 8

Meningeal spaces (structure)

Answer 8

spinal epidural space, cranial epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space, subarachnoid cisterns

Question 9

Spinal epidural space (location)

Answer 9

located between the spinal dura mater and the vertebral periosteum

Question 10

Spinal epidural space (function)

Answer 10

can be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a paravertebral nerve block

Question 11

Cranial epidural space (describe)

Answer 11

contains the meningeal arteries and veins

Question 12

Subdural space (function)

Answer 12

intracranially transmits cerebral ceins to the venous lacunae of the superior sugittal sinus

Question 13

Subarachnoid space (location)

Answer 13

located between the pia mater and the arachnoid

Question 14

Subarachnoid space (function)

Answer 14

contains CSF

Question 15

Subarachnoid cisterns (function)

Answer 15

dilations of the subarachnoid space, which contain CSF

Question 16

Brain ventricles (describe)

Answer 16

lateral ventricles, third ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle

Question 17

Subarachnoid cisterns (describe)

Answer 17

Cerebellopontine angle cistern, cerebellomedullary cistern, Ambient cistern, superior cistern

Question 18

Cerebellopontine angle cistern (function)

Answer 18

Receives CSF from the fourth venticle via the lateral foramina

Question 19

Cerebellomedullary cistern (describe)

Answer 19

Located in the midline between the cerebellum and the medulla

Question 20

Cerebellomedullary cistern (function)

Answer 20

Receives CSF from the fourth ventricle via the median foramen and can be tapped for CSF

Question 21

Ambient cistern (function)

Answer 21

Interconnects the superior and interpeduncular cistern

Question 22

Ambient cistern (describe)

Answer 22

Contains the trochlear nerve CN IV

Question 23

Superior cistern (describe)

Answer 23

Overlies the midbrain tectum

Question 24

Ventricles (describe)

Answer 24

Lined with ependyma and contain CSF, contain choroid plexus. Lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle

Question 25

Choroid plexus (function)

Answer 25

Produces CSF at a rate of 500 to 700 ml/day, communicate with the subarachnoid space via three foramina in the fourth ventricle

Question 26

Lateral ventricles (functions)

Answer 26

Communicate with the third ventricle via the interventicular foramina

Question 27

Lateral ventricles (describe)

Answer 27

Two ventricles are located within the cerebral hemispheres. Frontal horn, body, temporal horn, occipital horn, trigone

Question 28

Frontal horn (describe)

Answer 28

located in the frontal lobe. Its lateral wall is formed by the head of the caudate nucleus. Lacks choroid plexus

Question 29

Lateral body (describe)

Answer 29

located in the medial portion of the frontal and parietal lobes. Contains choroid plexus

Question 30

Lateral body (function)

Answer 30

Communicates with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina

Question 31

Temporal horn (describe)

Answer 31

located in the medial part of the temporal lobe

Question 32

Occipital horn (describe)

Answer 32

located in the parietal and occipital lobes

Question 33

Trigone (describe)

Answer 33

found at the junction of the body, occipital horn, and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Contains the glomus

Question 34

Glomus (describe)

Answer 34

A large tuft of choroid plexus, which is calcified in adults

Question 35

Third ventricle (describe)

Answer 35

Slit like vertical midline cavity of the diencephalon. Contains choroid plexus in its roof

Question 36

Third ventricle (function)

Answer 36

Communicates with the lateral venticles via the interventricular foramina and with the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct

Question 37

Cerebral aqueduct (describe)

Answer 37

Lies in the midbrain

Question 38

Cerebral aqueduct (function)

Answer 38

Connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle

Question 39

Fourth ventricle (describe)

Answer 39

Lies between the cerebellum and the brainstem

Question 40

Fourth ventricle (function)

Answer 40

Expresses CSF into the subarachnoid space via the two lateral foramina and the single medial foramen

Question 41

Cerebrospinal fluid (describe)

Answer 41

Clear colorless acellular fluid found in the subarachnoid space and ventricles

Question 42

Cerebrospinal fluid (formation)

Answer 42

Produced by the choroid plexus with approximately 140 ml

Question 43

Cerebrospinal fluid (function)

Answer 43

Supports and cushions the CNS, transports hormones, removes metabolic waste products through absorption by arachnoid villi

Question 44

Cerebrospinal fluid (circulation)

Answer 44

Flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space

Question 45

Cerebrospinal fluid (composition)

Answer 45

pH 7.35, specific gravity 1.007, glucose 66% of plasma glucose, total protein <45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern

Question 46

Hydrocephalus (describe)

Answer 46

Dilation of the cerebral ventricles caused by blockage of the CSF flow

Question 47

Hydrocephalus (kinds)

Answer 47

noncommunicating hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, pseudotumor cerebri

Question 48

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus (describe)

Answer 48

Results from obstruction within the ventricles

Question 49

Communicating hydrocephalus (describe)

Answer 49

Results from blockage within the subarachnoid space