Meninges and CSF Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

Meninges (describe)

A

Comprise three connective tissue membranes that invest the spinal cord and brain, which are the pia mater, the arachnoid, and the dura mater

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2
Q

Pia mater (describe)

A

a delicate, vascular layer of connective tissue

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3
Q

Pia mater (structure)

A

covers the surface of the brain and spinal cord, connected to the arachnoid by arachnoid trabeculae

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4
Q

Denticulate ligaments (describe)

A

two lateral flattened bands of pial tissue, adhre to the spinal dura mater with 21 pair of attachments

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5
Q

Filum terminale (describe)

A

extension of the pia mater

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6
Q

Arachnoid (structure)

A

delicate, nonvascular connective tissue membrane between the dura and the pia mater and has the arachnoid villi

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7
Q

Dura mater (structure)

A

outer layer of the meninges, consisting of dense connective tssue, divided into periosteal layer and a meningeal layer

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8
Q

Meningeal spaces (structure)

A

spinal epidural space, cranial epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space, subarachnoid cisterns

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9
Q

Spinal epidural space (location)

A

located between the spinal dura mater and the vertebral periosteum

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10
Q

Spinal epidural space (function)

A

can be injected with a local anesthetic to produce a paravertebral nerve block

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11
Q

Cranial epidural space (describe)

A

contains the meningeal arteries and veins

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12
Q

Subdural space (function)

A

intracranially transmits cerebral ceins to the venous lacunae of the superior sugittal sinus

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13
Q

Subarachnoid space (location)

A

located between the pia mater and the arachnoid

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14
Q

Subarachnoid space (function)

A

contains CSF

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15
Q

Subarachnoid cisterns (function)

A

dilations of the subarachnoid space, which contain CSF

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16
Q

Brain ventricles (describe)

A

lateral ventricles, third ventricles, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle

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17
Q

Subarachnoid cisterns (describe)

A

Cerebellopontine angle cistern, cerebellomedullary cistern, Ambient cistern, superior cistern

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18
Q

Cerebellopontine angle cistern (function)

A

Receives CSF from the fourth venticle via the lateral foramina

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19
Q

Cerebellomedullary cistern (describe)

A

Located in the midline between the cerebellum and the medulla

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20
Q

Cerebellomedullary cistern (function)

A

Receives CSF from the fourth ventricle via the median foramen and can be tapped for CSF

21
Q

Ambient cistern (function)

A

Interconnects the superior and interpeduncular cistern

22
Q

Ambient cistern (describe)

A

Contains the trochlear nerve CN IV

23
Q

Superior cistern (describe)

A

Overlies the midbrain tectum

24
Q

Ventricles (describe)

A

Lined with ependyma and contain CSF, contain choroid plexus. Lateral ventricles, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle

25
Choroid plexus (function)
Produces CSF at a rate of 500 to 700 ml/day, communicate with the subarachnoid space via three foramina in the fourth ventricle
26
Lateral ventricles (functions)
Communicate with the third ventricle via the interventicular foramina
27
Lateral ventricles (describe)
Two ventricles are located within the cerebral hemispheres. Frontal horn, body, temporal horn, occipital horn, trigone
28
Frontal horn (describe)
located in the frontal lobe. Its lateral wall is formed by the head of the caudate nucleus. Lacks choroid plexus
29
Lateral body (describe)
located in the medial portion of the frontal and parietal lobes. Contains choroid plexus
30
Lateral body (function)
Communicates with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina
31
Temporal horn (describe)
located in the medial part of the temporal lobe
32
Occipital horn (describe)
located in the parietal and occipital lobes
33
Trigone (describe)
found at the junction of the body, occipital horn, and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. Contains the glomus
34
Glomus (describe)
A large tuft of choroid plexus, which is calcified in adults
35
Third ventricle (describe)
Slit like vertical midline cavity of the diencephalon. Contains choroid plexus in its roof
36
Third ventricle (function)
Communicates with the lateral venticles via the interventricular foramina and with the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct
37
Cerebral aqueduct (describe)
Lies in the midbrain
38
Cerebral aqueduct (function)
Connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle
39
Fourth ventricle (describe)
Lies between the cerebellum and the brainstem
40
Fourth ventricle (function)
Expresses CSF into the subarachnoid space via the two lateral foramina and the single medial foramen
41
Cerebrospinal fluid (describe)
Clear colorless acellular fluid found in the subarachnoid space and ventricles
42
Cerebrospinal fluid (formation)
Produced by the choroid plexus with approximately 140 ml
43
Cerebrospinal fluid (function)
Supports and cushions the CNS, transports hormones, removes metabolic waste products through absorption by arachnoid villi
44
Cerebrospinal fluid (circulation)
Flows from the ventricles via the three foramina of the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space
45
Cerebrospinal fluid (composition)
pH 7.35, specific gravity 1.007, glucose 66% of plasma glucose, total protein <45 mg/dl in the lumbar cistern
46
Hydrocephalus (describe)
Dilation of the cerebral ventricles caused by blockage of the CSF flow
47
Hydrocephalus (kinds)
noncommunicating hydrocephalus, communicating hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, hydrocephalus ex vacuo, pseudotumor cerebri
48
Noncommunicating hydrocephalus (describe)
Results from obstruction within the ventricles
49
Communicating hydrocephalus (describe)
Results from blockage within the subarachnoid space