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Finals PACES > Anatomy 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Transfer to burns centre

A

Need burn shock resuscitation
Face/hands/genitals affected
Deep partial thickness or full thickness burns
Significant electrical/chemical burns

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2
Q

IV fluids in burns

A

Burn of:

10% in children
15% in adults

Volume of fluid = total body surface area of the burn % x weight (Kg) x 4
Half of the fluid is administered in the first 8 hours.

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3
Q

IVC tributaries (no functional valves)

A

I Like To Rise So High

Iliac
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
Suprarenal
Hepatic vein
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4
Q

Lymphatic sarcomas

A

SCARE:

Synovial sarcoma
Clear cell sarcoma 
Angiosarcoma 
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma
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5
Q

External Carotid Branches

A

Some Attendings Like Freaking Out Potential Medical Students

Superior thyroid (ant)
Ascending pharyngeal (deep)
Lingual (ant)
Facial (ant)
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superior temporal
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6
Q

Inhibits cell wall formation

A

Beta-lactams:
Cephalosporins
Penicillins

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7
Q

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

A

Causes misreading of mRNA inhibiting protein synthesis

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8
Q

Erythromycin (macrolides)

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

Also tetracycline
Fusidic acid
Chloramphenicol

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9
Q

Rifampicin

A

Inhibit RNA synthesis

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10
Q

MEN II (RET Cr10)

A

A:
Medullary thyroid cancer
Phaeochromocytoma
Parathyroid

B: A +
Mucosal neuroma
Marfanoid appearance

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11
Q

MEN I (MENIN Cr11)

A

Parathyroid
Pancreatic
Pituitary

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12
Q

Quadrate lobe (inferior)

A

Anatomically on right lobe but part of functional left lobe of liver
Lies anterior to porta hepatis

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13
Q

Caudate lobe (superior)

A

Supplied by both right and left hepatic artery and bile drains into both ducts (but anatomically in right lobe)
Lies posterior to plane of porta hepatis
Antero-lateral to IVC

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14
Q

Portal Triad

A

Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile ducts

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15
Q

Porta hepatis (postero-inferior)

A

Separates the caudate lobe behind from the quadrate lobe in front
Contains:
Common hepatic duct
Hepatic artery
Portal vein
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres
Lymphatic drainage of the liver (and nodes)

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16
Q

Falciform ligament

A

2 layer fold peritoneum from the umbilicus to anterior liver surface

Contains ligamentum teres (remnant umbilical vein) - which joins left branch of portal vein at porta hepatis

On superior liver surface it splits into the coronary and left triangular ligaments

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17
Q

Calot’s triangle

A

Cystic duct
Hepatic duct
Inferior surface of liver

Contains cystic artery

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18
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase

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19
Q

1st Pharyngeal arch

A

External carotid
Maxillary artery
Mandibular nerve

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20
Q

2nd Pharyngeal arch

A

Inferior branch of superior thyroid artery
Stapedial artery
Facial nerve

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21
Q

3rd Pharyngeal arch

A

Common and internal carotid
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Thymus
Inferior parathyroids

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22
Q

4th Pharyngeal arch

A

Right- subclavian artery
Left-aortic arch
Vagus nerve
Superior parathyroids

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23
Q

6th Pharyngeal arch

A

Right - Pulmonary artery
Left - Pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus
Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve

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24
Q

Accompanies the posterior interventricular artery within the posterior interventricular groove?

A

Middle cardiac vein

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25
Coronary sinus
Lies on posterior surface of coronary groove Receives blood from cardiac veins except anterior cardiac vein Drains into right atrium
26
Great cardiac vein
Lies at the left of coronary groove / sinus GREAT they LEFT me
27
Middle and small cardiac veins
Lie on the right of coronary groove / sinus
28
Anterior cardiac vein
Drains directly into right atrium
29
Right coronary artery (inferior)
Supplies: Right atrium Diaphragmatic part of the right ventricle Posterior third of the interventricular septum The sino atrial node (60% cases) The atrio ventricular node (80% cases)
30
Left coronary artery
Branches are - left circumflex (lateral) and LAD (anterior) ``` Supplies: Left atrium Most of left ventricle Part of the right ventricle Anterior two thirds of the inter ventricular septum ```
31
Middle mediastinum
``` Pericardium Heart Aortic root Arch of azygos vein (also lies in posterior mediastinum) Main bronchi ```
32
Thoracic duct
Lies in superior and posterior mediastinum
33
Phrenic nerve and superior vena cava
Lies in superior mediastinum
34
Chorda tympani
Branch of facial nerve Runs medial to pars flaccida
35
The umbo
Marks the point of attachment of the handle of the malleus to the tympanic membrane
36
Tympanic membrane
The medial aspect of the tympanic membrane is lined by mucous membrane Lateral aspect is stratified epithelium Diameter of 1cm
37
Bones of ear
Malleus articulates with the incus (synovial joint) | Incus attaches to stapes (another synovial joint)
38
Organ of corti
Sense organ of hearing and is located on the inside of the cochlear duct on the basilar membrane
39
Semicircular canals
Penetrate into petrous temporal bone
40
Mandibular nerve branches (V3)
``` Auriculotemporal Mentalis Lingual Inferior alveolar Nerve to mylohyoid ```
41
Branches of axillary artery
1st part - superior thoracic artery 2nd part - thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic 3rd part - subscapular artery, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
42
Parts of axillary artery
1st part - lies anterior to pec minor and medial brachial plexus 2nd part - lies posterior to pec minor and follows posterior branch of brachial plexus. The medial branch of BP separates the artery and vein 3rd part - lies inferior to pec minor. Axillary vein is medial and laterally is median nerve (anterior), musculocutaneous and coracobrachialis
43
Adrenal arteries
Superior - inferior phrenic artery Middle - direct from aorta Inferior - renal artery NB left adrenal vein drains into left kidney right into IVC (like testes)
44
Branches on internal carotid
Only Press Carotid Arteries Momentarily ``` Opthalmic Posterior communicating Choroidal Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral ```
45
Common cause of pruritus ani
Enterobius vermicularis
46
Hookworms that anchor in proximal small bowel
Ancylostoma duodenale From cutaneous penetration Can migrate to lungs be coughed up and swallowed again Asymptomatic but can cause IDA
47
Roundworms that penetrate duodenal wall
Ascaris lumbricoides From ingestion Can migrate to lungs be coughed up and swallowed again Eggs and larva can be seen in faeces
48
Strongyloides stercoralis
``` Hookworm from travelling person Cutaneous penetration Move into lungs, then swallowed Can have larvae bursting colon Can have resp and skin symptoms ```
49
Cavernous sinus drains
via superior and inferior petrosal sinuses into internal jugular
50
Cavernous sinus blood supply
Ophthalmic vein, superficial cortical veins, basilar plexus of veins Sepsis can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis
51
Contents of cavernous sinus
Lateral wall (superior to inferior): Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Contents (from medial to lateral): Internal carotid artery (and sympathetic plexus) Abducens nerve
52
Relation to cavernous sinus
The sinuses are paired and run from superior orbital bone to petrous temporal bone Medial = pituitary fossa + sphenoid sinus Lateral = temporal lobe
53
Ameloblastomas
Rare tumours of the odontogenic epithelium They are slow growing and expand with a rim of periosteum that surrounds them Palpation and disruption of this layer that gives rise to the crepitus.
54
Nasal polyps
Derived from ethmoid sinus mucosa Usually semi transparent grey mass
55
Exposure to hard wood dust
Adenocarcinoma of paranasal sinus and nasopharynx
56
Originate from small salivary glands
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
57
Majority of nasal cancers
Arise from lateral nasal wall Secondly in nasal antrum
58
Maxillary sinusitis causes
Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae Fluid level in antrum Symptoms - postnasal discharge, headache, toothache
59
Frontoethmoidal sinusitis
Can have secondary CNS infection via emissary veins
60
Onufs nucleus
Anterior horn of S2 | Origin of neurones of external urethral sphincter
61
Micturition
Overall control of micturition is centrally mediated via centres in the Pons Somatic innervation to the bladder is via the pudendal, hypogastric and pelvic nerves
62
Desiccation
Direct contact - low current and high voltage over a broad area (no protein damage)
63
Fulguration
No contact - low current and high voltage over a broad area | For local superficial tissue damage
64
Cutting
Sinusoidal and non modulated waveform No thermal damage
65
Coagulation
Modulated current with intermittent dampened sine waves of high peak voltage Evaporation (not vaporisation)
66
Layers of scrotum
Some Damned Examiner Called It The Testes 1. Skin 2. Dartos fascia and muscle 3. External spermatic fascia 4. Cremasteric muscle and fascia 5. Internal spermatic fascia 6. Parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis
67
Layers of spermatic cord
Internal spermatic fascia - from transversalis fascia Cremasteric fascia - internal oblique External spermatic fascia - external oblique
68
Artery of vas deferens
Arise from internal vesical artery
69
Cremasteric artery
Arise from internal epigastric artery
70
Ansa cervalis
C1,2,3 Lies anterior to carotid sheath GOSS Glenohyoid Omohyoid Sternohyoid Sternothyroid
71
Weber's syndrome
Midbrain (posterior circulation) infarction Ipsilateral III palsy Contralateral weakness
72
Superficial to Extensor retinaculum
Basilic vein Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve Cephalic vein Superficial branch of the radial nerve
73
Radial artery passes between
Lateral collateral ligament of the wrist joint and the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
74
T2 RCC and above
Radical resection. No need for adjuvant therapy
75
Lords procedure
``` Smaller hydroceles (is plicated) Reduced complication rates ```
76
Hemicraniotomy indications
Age under 60 years Clinical deficit in middle cerebral artery territory Decreased consciousness >50% territory infarct

Finals PACES (12 decks)

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