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Anatomy 3 Flashcards

MRCS part A (86 cards)

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1
Q

Sarcomas

A

Typically in extremities

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2
Q

Sarcoma of adipocytes

A

Liposarcomas

Have pseudocapsule and typically found retroperitoneum

Resistant to radiotherapy

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3
Q

Ewings sarcoma

A

Usually blood borne mets

Respond to chemo + surgery

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4
Q

Hepatocellular adenomas

A

Associated with OCP and lack fibrous capsule

Typically not concerned if under 5cm

UNLESS in males as more likely to transform

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5
Q

Clotting not produced in liver

A

Factor VIII

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6
Q

Obstruction from RECTAL cancer

A

Loop colostomy

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7
Q

Obstruction from LEFT COLON cancer

A

Resection of lesion and end colostomy (Hartmann’s)

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8
Q

T4 RECTAL cancer

A

Requires irradiation prior to resection

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9
Q

T1, 2, 3 + N0 RECTAL cancer

A

No irradiation, straight resection

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10
Q

Ligament suspending duodenojejunal flexure

A

Ligament of Trietz

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11
Q

Thoracic duct

A

On left side of neck

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12
Q

Midpoint of internal jugular

A

Crossed by ansa cervicalis

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13
Q

Atlas: internal jugular

A

Crossed by accessory nerve

All last 4 cranial nerves related at this point to it

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14
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

Unpaired cranial sinus

Parietal emissary veins drained into it

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15
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure

A

MAP - intracranial pressure

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16
Q

MAP

A

Diastolic pressure + 0.33 (Systolic pressure - diastolic pressure)

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17
Q

Number of collateral venous systems

A

4 Pathways

Azygos venous system
Internal mammary venous pathway
Long Thoracic to femoral and vertebral veins (2 pathways)

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18
Q

Main rectal vessels

A

Superior rectal artery from inferior mesenteric artery (arterial supply)

Middle rectal artery from the internal iliac artery

Inferior rectal artery from the internal pudendal artery

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19
Q

Main rectal lymph drainage

A 
Mesorectal lymph nodes (superior to dentate line)
Inguinal nodes (inferior to dentate line)
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20
Q

Propofol

A

Strong anti-emetic effect

CARDIAC DEPRESSION

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21
Q

Sodium Thiopentone

A

Marked myocardial depression

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22
Q

Etomidate

A

Safe cardiac profile

Adrenal suppression

Post operative vomiting

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23
Q

Orchiplexy

A

Caudal block

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24
Q

Inguinal Canal / laparoscopic

A

TAP block

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25
Major abdominal surgery
Epidural
26
Lingual nerve
Purely sensory If muscular deficit post submandibular gland excision then hypoglossal nerve
27
Contents of popliteal fossa (medial to lateral)
Popliteal artery - deep Popliteal vein Tibial nerve - superficial + medial esp inferiorly (sural branches on inferior aspect) Common peroneal nerve
28
Otalgia after tonsillitis
Glossopharyngeal nerve is tonsils and ear
29
Renal scarring
DMSA scan
30
Pre-existing renal impairment
MAG-3
31
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma triad
Trotter's triad Unilateral conductive hearing loss Ipsilateral facial & ear pain Ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate Radiotherapy is first line
32
Back of tongue
Bilateral lymph (deep cervical) drainage
33
Bochdalek hernia
3 P & 3 B ``` 1- Birth defect (congenital) 2- Big 3- Bad Prognosis 4- Posterior located 5- Pulmonary hyPoPlais is common 6- Placement of mesh may be needed to treat ```
34
Rectal fascial layers
Denonvilliers anteriorly (bladder) Waldeyers posteriorly (sacrum)
35
Sciatic nerve
Runs inferolaterally under cover of gluteus maximus midway between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity
36
Ear lymph drainage: lower half and lobule
Superficial cervical lymph node
37
Ear lymph drainage: cranial superior half
Mastoid + deep cervical
38
Ear lymph drainage: lateral superior half
Superficial parotid lymph node
39
Stimulation of insulin
``` Glucose Amino acids Vagal cholinergic Secretin/Gastrin/CCK Fatty acids Beta adrenergic drugs (therefore BB inhibit) ```
40
External anal sphincter nerve
S2,3,4 poo off the floor
41
Absorption of iron
Duodenum and jejunum Stored mainly in haemoglobin
42
Phrenic nerve
Passes with the internal jugular vein across scalenus anterior It passes deep to prevertebral fascia of deep cervical fascia Posterior to medial aspect of first rib
43
Left phrenic nerve
Left crosses anterior to 1st part of subclavian artery
44
Right phrenic nerve
Anterior to scalenus anterior. Crosses anterior to 2nd part of subclavian artery Passes over right atrium
45
Paget's disease of nipple
Areolar region spared initially
46
Attachment of greater trochanter
POGO Piriformis Obturator internus Gemelli Obturator externus
47
Parathyroid relations
Lateral - common carotid Medial - recurrent laryngeal nerve Anterior - thyroid Posterior - pretracheal fascia
48
1st web space sensation
Deep peroneal nerve
49
Lateral sensation
Sural nerve
50
Dorsum sensation
Superficial peroneal
51
Proximal plantar sensation
Tibial nerve
52
Medial plantar sensation
Medial plantar nerve
53
Epiploic foramen
Superior is caudate process of liver Inferior is 1st part of duodenum
54
Hyperhidrosis resection Rx
T2 and T3 symphatetic ganglia
55
Spondylolisthesis
Stress fracture of back (in young athletes) | Scotty dog appearance on X-ray
56
Spondylolysis
Congenital or acquired deficiency of the pars interarticularis of the neural arch of a particular vertebral body, usually affects L4/ L5 Usually asymptomatic
57
Branches of subclavian artery
VIT CD V ertebral artery I nternal thoracic T hyrocervical trunk C ostalcervical trunk D orsal scapular
58
Phrenic nerve
C3,4,5 diaphragm alive
59
Isthmus location
Rings 2, 3, 4 make the isthmus floor Attached ligament of berry
60
Rockall score
ABCDE ``` A: Age B: Blood pressure drop (Shock) C: Co-morbidity D: Diagnosis E: Evidence of bleeding ```
61
Kocher's septic knee criteria
WIFE ``` WCC >12 Inability to weight bear Fever ESR >40 = >90 chance of septic arthritis ```
62
Posterior cord of brachial plexus
STAR S ubscapular (upper and lower) T horacodorsal A xillary R adial
63
Lateral cord
Musculocutaneous is branch
64
Long thoracic
C5,6,7 at root (first branch of plexus)
65
Suprascapular
Drunk Superior (lateral) trunk
66
Lateral hip rotators
P - GO - Q ``` Piriformis Gemellus superior Obturator internus Gemellus inferior Obturator externus Quadratus femoris ```
67
Mets to bone
BBRTP ``` Breast - lytic Bronchus Renal Thyroid - follicular Prostate - sclerotic ```
68
Down's sydrome
Duodenal atresia
69
Appendicular artery branch of:
Ileo-colic artery
70
Tough ligamentous structure lying anterior to the spinous processes
Ligamentum flavum
71
Most common type of fistula in ano
Intersphincteric
72
Saphenous vein stripped to
level of knee/upper calf. NB increased risk of saphenous neuralgia if stripped more distally
73
Coeliac autonomic plexus
Anterolateral to the aorta
74
Glioblastoma
Originate from astrocytes
75
SIADH causes
ABCD A nalgesics: opioids, NSAIDs B arbiturates C yclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine D iuretic (thiazides)
76
Ureter retroperitoneal at
L2-L5 transverse processes
77
Anal fissures causes
``` STI IBD Leukaemia TB Previous anal surgery ```
78
Structures passing behind the medial malleolus (ant to post)
``` Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial vein Posterior tibial artery Saphenous nerve Flexor hallucis longus ```
79
Delormes operation
Avoids haemorrhoid resection (safest) but high recurrence
80
Altmeirs operation
More effective than Delormes as resects sigmoid colon and rectum, but high anastomotic leak
81
Rectopexy
Well tolerated in young healthy. Lowest complication rate
82
Insertion at anteromedial proximal tibia
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinous
83
Platelets
High risk of grame +ve infections
84
RCC
High risk of gram -ve infections
85
Doxorubicin
Cold compress
86
Hyaluronidase
Given for contrast extravasation, TPN and alkaloid

Finals PACES (12 decks)

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