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Z MD1 Respiratory block > Anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy Deck (28)
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1
Q

what is significant about the right main bronchus compared to the left

A

the RMB is shorter, wider and more vertical than the left

1
Q

order of bronchial divisions

A

Main bronchus - lobar bronchi - segmental bronchi - bronchioles - terminal bronchioles - respiratory bronchiols - alveolar ducts - alveoli

1
Q

lobe delineations in the left lung

A

1 fissure oblique fissure - separates upper lobe from lower lobe

2
Q

what are the imprints on the left lung?

A

imprints of arterial structures - Aorta and LV

2
Q

where do the lymphatics of the lungs all end up? and where does it then go?

A

at the hilar lymph nodes –> then series of lymph nodes at the bifurcation of the trachea –> ascending lymphatic channels along the trachea and up into the thoracic lymphatics

4
Q

where are pulmonary veins always situated in the hilum

A

they are always the most anterior and inferior structures in the hilum

4
Q

What are the two branches of the right main bronchus called before going into the hilum of the lung and where are they situated relative to each other?

A

Right upper lobe bronchus - sits superior to… Bronchus intermedius

5
Q

where does the trachea begin

A

in the neck, at the level of C6

6
Q

lobe delineations in the right lung

A

2 fissures horizontal fissure - separates upper lobe from middle lobe oblique fissure - separates lower lobe behind, from upper and middle lobe infront

7
Q

where is the pulmonary artery in the hilum in the left and right lungs

A

left - superior to the bronchus right - anterior to the bronchus

8
Q

what are the imprints on the right lung?

A

imprints of venous structures - RA, SVC, arch of azygous vein

9
Q

where are the pulmonary veins situated in the hilum?

A

one anterior, one inferior

10
Q

where does the visceral pleura become the parietal pleura?

A

when it reflects over the hilar structures

11
Q

how does the trachea descend

A

inferiorly, through the thoracic inlet, into the superior mediastinum At T4-5 - divides into R and L main bronchus

12
Q

what is each bronchopulmonary segment supplied by?

A

segmental bronchus, segmental artery, segmental vein

13
Q

4 sections of the parietal pleura?

A

cervical pleura mediastinal pleura costal plerua diaphragmatic pleura

15
Q

what is the clinical significance of the apical segment of the lower lobe?

A

this is where any fluid would first develop (as the pathway is the easiest) - this is where we auscultate for fluid

17
Q

where is the lingular

A

on the left lung starts at the cardiac notch tongue like projection that hangs down inferiorly from the upper lobe

18
Q

what is the difference between RMB and LMB in the hilums of the R and L lung

A

The RMB gives off the right upper lobe bronchus before entering the lung (this means that the pulmonary artery also splits) The LMB does not do this - only 1 bronchial, and 1 arterial structure in the hilum

19
Q

what surfaces do the visceral and parietal pleura cover?

A

visceral - thin, serous membrane covering both lungs parietal - thin, serous membrane lines the walls of the inside of the thoracic cavity

20
Q

what is the shape of a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

pyramid shape - apex directed to hilum and base on the surface

21
Q

where are pulmonary arteries placed in the hilum

A

always anterior or superior to the bronchial tree

22
Q

what is the purpose of the pulmonary ligament

A

it is a potential space for the pulmonary veins to expand into if needed

23
Q

where is the trachealis muscle

A

on the posterior of the trachea - closes off the cartilage rings

24
Q

where is the pulmonary plexus?

A

associated with the bifurcation of the trachea

25
Q

tell me about the surfaces of the lungs?

A
  • concave inferior surface (sits over the convexity of the domes of the diaphragm) - has a pointed apex - has a rounded costal/lateral surface that sits against the ribs - inner surface bears the hilar structures and bears the imprint of the structures
27
Q

what is in the hilum?

A

1) branches of the tracheobronchial tree 2) vascular supply (pulmonary artery, bronchial arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchial veins) 3) neural 4) lymphatics

28
Q

nerve supply to the lungs

A

autonomic supply (both SNS and PNS) - regulates both mucus production and the diameters of the bronchioles