anatomy

Question 1

List layers of abdomem from skin to parietal peritoneum

Answer 1

Camper Fascia (fatty)
Scarpa Fascia (membranous)
Deep Fascia
EO
Int fascia
IO
Deep Fascia
Transverse Abdominus
Transversalis fascia
Extraperiotonela fat

Question 2

Which layer of fascia attaches to the thigh and prohibits fluids from entering leg

Answer 2

Scarpa’s membranous

Question 3

What is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 3

lower border of aponeurosis of EO

Question 4

Function of EO and IO

Answer 4

compress viscera

flex and rotate trunk

Question 5

Vascular origination of Sup. and Inf epigastric vessels

Answer 5

Sup - internal thoracic

Inf - Ext. illiac

Question 6

Which abdominal muscle is continous with the cremaster muscle? The Conjoint tendon?

Answer 6

IO

TA

Question 7

The oblietared gubernaculm becomes what in males? in females?

Answer 7

scrotal ligament

round ligament of ovary AND uterus (2)

Question 8

3 borders of inguinal triangle?

Answer 8

inguinal ligament

inf. epigastric vessels
lat. border of rectus abd

Question 9

indirect hernias pass through which “ring”?

Answer 9

superficial

Question 10

describe a variocele

Answer 10

dilated veins of the spermatic cord with inadequate valves

Question 11

List layers of fascia over the testicle

Answer 11

Dartos
Colles fascia
Ext. spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Int. spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis testis

Question 12

What is an omentum?

Answer 12

peritoneum that connects the stomach to another organ

Question 13

The great omentm connects what?

Answer 13

stomach to colon

Question 14

At what gestational age do the intestines recede back into the abdomen?

Answer 14

12 weeks

Question 15

which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

Answer 15

ascending and descending

Question 16

the greater omentum includes which ligaments?

Answer 16

gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

Question 17

The lesser omentum includes which ligaments?

Answer 17

hepatoduodenal and heptogastric

Question 18

What is the portal triad?

Answer 18

common bile duct
hepatic art. proper
portal vein

Question 19

name the omental foramen boundaries

Answer 19

hepatoduodenal ligament
IVC
caudate lobe of liver
duodenum/hepatic art.
gastro splenic - splenorenal ligament

Question 20

what nerves supply the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 20

autonomic

Question 21

parietal peritoneum nerve supply?

Answer 21

intercostal nerves T7-T12
L1
Phrenic nerve

Question 22

left to right branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 22

left gastic artery
splenic artery
hepatic artery

Question 23

Level of abdominal aorta and illiac artery

Answer 23

T12

L4

Question 24

The common hepatic artery becomes the following arteries. name some additional branches?

Answer 24

hepatic artery proper –> R hepatic (cystic) and L hepatic -
gastroduodenal
R gastric

Question 25

What are some branches of the splenic artery

Answer 25

L gastro-omental Short gastric Pancreatic Splenic vein

Question 26

Blood supply to the pancreas is from which major artery?

Answer 26

celiac and mesenteric anastomoses

Question 27

Common location for peptic ulcers?

Answer 27

Ampulla or duodenal cap

Question 28

Common cause for hiatal hernia?

Answer 28

Laxity of LES

Question 29

What are the right sided branches of SMA?

Answer 29

Ileocolic Appendicular Right Colic Middle Colic

Question 30

Which part of small intestine have plicae?

Answer 30

Jejunum | llleum have the peyer patches

Question 31

Which areas of colon are prone to ischemia?

Answer 31

splenic flexure right colon rectosigmoid junction

Question 32

Name the branches of the IMA?

Answer 32

L colic Sigmoid arteries Superior rectal artery

Question 33

Describe pain in early and late appendicitis

Answer 33

early - imbilicus | late - McBurneys

Question 34

What are three veins that empty into the portal vein?

Answer 34

Sup. Mesenteric vein Splenic Vein Inf. Mesenteric vein

Question 35

Veins involved in esophageal varices? caput medusae? hemorrhoids?

Answer 35

Azygos + L gastric vein Epigastric + paraumbilical inf + sup rectal vein

Question 36

where does lymph from stomach and pancreas drain to?

Answer 36

cisterna chyli

Question 37

the R crus of the diaphragm is also called this

Answer 37

Ligament of Treitz

Question 38

name the 3 sides of the triangle of Calot

Answer 38

liver tissue cystic duct common hepatic duct

Question 39

Embryologic remnant of umbilical vein

Answer 39

ligamentum terres

Question 40

What is ductus venosus?

Answer 40

Shunt that directs blood around the liver from the umbilical vein to IVC

Question 41

Suprarenal glands cortex and medulla are derived from these 2 cell types

Answer 41

mesoderm and neural crest cells

Question 42

Origin of superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries?

Answer 42

inferior phrenic aorta renal arteries

Question 43

What is nutcracker syndrome?

Answer 43

SMA and aorta compresse L suprarenal vein blocking the L gonadal vein

Question 44

in horseshoe kidney what prevents the kidney from ascending in the pelvis?

Answer 44

IMA

Question 45

The ureter runs along with which vessels?

Answer 45

under gonadal near iliac and under uterine vessels

Question 46

Innvervation to diaphragm?

Answer 46

``` Motor = phrenic sensory = phrenic and T5-T12 ```

Question 47

What structures do the median, medial and lateral arcutate ligaments pass over?

Answer 47

``` median = aorta medial = psoas lateral = quadratus lumborum ```

Question 48

Name the lumbar plexus nerves top to bottom

Answer 48

``` subcostal iliohypogastric llioinguinal genitofemoral lat. femoral cutaneous femoral obturator ```

Question 49

Where does the vagus nerve enter the abdominal cavity?

Answer 49

Esophageal hiatus

Question 50

``` Which structure is not a boundary of the pelvic outlet? pubic arch coccyx ischipubic ramu scrospinous ligament sacrotuberous ligaments ```

Answer 50

sacrospinous ligament

Question 51

What is the most important pelvis measurement for delivery?

Answer 51

the obstetric conjugate- because it can be measured | true and diagonal not easily measured

Question 52

what is the rectovesical pouch?

Answer 52

fold of peritoneum between urinary bladder and colon

Question 53

In what area of the prostate are most cancers? location fo BPH?

Answer 53

peripheral (posterior lobe) | Transitional

Question 54

Name the portion of the broad ligament connected to the uterine tube?

Answer 54

mesosalpinx

Question 55

The uterus is connected to the pelvic bones via these ligaments

Answer 55

``` uterosacral cardinal ligament (transverse cervical) ```

Question 56

What two sympathetic nerves supply the inf. hypogastric plexus? parasympahtetic?

Answer 56

lumbar and sacral splanchnics | pelvic splanchnic

Question 57

the male pelvis usually has a _____outlet and _____ pubic angle

Answer 57

rounder | smaller

Question 58

muscles of the pelvic diaphragm? lateral wall and posteriro walls?

Answer 58

levator ani and coccygeus | obturator internus and piriformis

Question 59

Name the branches of the anterior internal illiac artery

Answer 59

``` obturator umbilical vaginal inf. vesical middle rectal inf gluteal int pudendal ```

Question 60

Name branches of posterior internal illiac artery

Answer 60

illiolumbar sup. gluteal lateral sacral

Question 61

what is the normal position of the utuerus?

Answer 61

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 62

where does fertilization and implantation usually occur?

Answer 62

ampulla of uterine tube | posterior uterus wall

Question 63

Name the fascia below the superficial pouch in females (2)

Answer 63

``` Deep perineal (Gallaudet's) Superficial perinela (Colles's) ```

Question 64

Name the fascia of the penis. muscles? blood supply?

Answer 64

superfical (Dartos) and Deep (Bucks) fascia corpus cavemosum and corpus spongiosum int pudendal -->perineal --> dorsal artery of penis

Question 65

The pudenal canal contains what structures and lies medial to this muscle

Answer 65

int pudendal vessel and pudendal nerve | obturator internus

Question 66

Palpate this landmark to perform pudendal nerve block

Answer 66

ischial spine