Anatomy

Question 1

pharynx

Answer 1

throat

Question 2

schpincters

Answer 2

gastroesophageal schphincter pyloric schphincter ileocecal sphincter series of rectal sphincters

Question 3

parasympathetic vs. sympathetic

Answer 3

Rest and Digest - relaxes sphincters, promotes secretion and peristalsis Fight and Flight- tightens sphincters, peristalsis stops, secretion of dig stuff stops

Question 4

hiatus

Answer 4

opening

Question 5

GERD/esophagitis

Answer 5

gastroesophageal reflex disease, inflammation of lower esophagus due to reflux of gastric contents

Question 6

crura

Answer 6

hernias - find out more and fix

Question 7

striated muscle vs. smooth muscle

Answer 7

voluntary vs. involuntary

Question 8

gastric pacemaker

Answer 8

~5 times per minute contracts from top to bottom

Question 9

pyloric stenosis

Answer 9

very thick sphincter that does not relax, vomitting all the time (5th week after birth), congenital - can actually feel the bump sometimes - gets missed often - simple operation (used to do with local anesthetic)

Question 10

regional ileitis

Answer 10

Crohn’s can occur anywhere in GI tract, but most common in ileum, differs from colitis that can be anywhere.

Question 11

cecum

Answer 11

sac at start of large intestine, attached to appendix. leads to ascending colon

Question 12

sigmoid colon

Answer 12

s shaped at end, leads to rectum

Question 13

hepatic flecture

Answer 13

bend near liver

Question 14

splenic flecture

Answer 14

bend between transverse and descending colon near the spleen

Question 15

ulcerative colitis

Answer 15

involves only the colon, begins in the rectum and works backwards, entire colon = pan colitis

Question 16

direticulitis

Answer 16

• colon contracting improperly, can perforate, bleed, from our diet, 50% of people over 50 get it, 80% of people over 80, low fibre diet - not seen in rural Africa

Question 17

anal crypt

Answer 17

anal fissure (a little crack), anal fistula (hard stool stuck) - forms absess, drains out all the way to the skin

Question 18

atresia

Answer 18

narrowing or failure to link in the GI tract that causes obstruction in the tract - errors during development - kids cannot digest - ex. duodenal atresia, esophageal atresia

Question 19

hematemesis

Answer 19

vomitting blood

Question 20

Meckel’s Diverticulum

Answer 20

looks like appendicitis, but is an inflammation of this embryological left over?

Question 21

fistula

Answer 21

abnormal communication between two epithelia surfaces

Question 22

te fistula

Answer 22

tracheal esophageal fistula, connect the two, child can choke to death, due to embryonic development