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Laughing Neuro > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Brodman’s vision area?

A

17 (see an R movie)

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2
Q

What foramen does the ICA travel through?

A

foramen lacerum (rum on ICe)

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3
Q

Middle meningeal artery travels through what foramen?

A

foramen spinosum

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4
Q

What does V1 travel through?
V2?
V3?

A

V1: superior orbital fissure
V2: internal auditory meatus then stylomastoid foramen
V3: internal auditory meatus

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5
Q

What does the primary olfactory cortex consist of (two cortices) where?

A

Piriform cortex and Periamygdaloid cortex in ANterior temporal lobe.

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6
Q

Where do fibers from the olfactory cortex project?

A

to orbitofrontal, entorhinal cortex and medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus and hippocampus.

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7
Q

area which may cause olfactory hallucinations?

A

uncus

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8
Q

Muscles innervated by V3?

A

Muscles of mastication, Milohyoid, Anterior belly of digastric, Tensors (tympani and veli palatini) (If you try to masticate a mile of food, your belly becomes tense)

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9
Q

What supplies the posterior belly of the digastric?

A

CN VII

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10
Q

What is the oculocardiac reflex?

A

pressure on the eye causes bradycardia: think SVT

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11
Q

What is the only sensory neuron in the CNS instead of peripheral ganglia? What is it for?

A

Trigeminal’s mesencephalic for position sense of face

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12
Q

what is CN VII path?

A

out brainstem at cerebellopontine angle, travels through internal auditory meatus and facial canal, exits skull through stylomastoid foramen.

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13
Q

Ramsey Hunt involves what?

A

Zoster of geniculate ganglion.

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14
Q

spot of CN VII responsible for taste?

A

chorda tympani

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15
Q

A lesion where on CN VII will cause paralysis of facial muscles but preserved taste?

A

lesion of stylomastoid foramen, b/c taste fibers already through chorda tympani.

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16
Q

Lesion of CN VII where will preserve lacrimation?

A

after the geniculate ganglion and superficial petrosal nerve branch to ptergyopalatine ganglion.

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17
Q

Which receptors in the ear detect linear accelaration?

Angular acceleration?

A

Linear: utricle and saccule.
Angular: cristae in semicircular canals

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18
Q

Peaks in brainstem auditory evoked potentials and structures needed for hearing. (Acronym)

A

NCSLIMA:

  1. Nerve
  2. Cochlear nuclei (medulla)
  3. Superior olivary complex (pons)
  4. Lateral lemniscus (pons)
  5. Inferior collicululs (midbrain)
  6. Medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus)
  7. auditory radiations (thalamocortical)
    * 8. Cortex: Heschl’s gyrus in temporal lobe)
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19
Q

Muscle associated with glossopharyngeal nerve? nucleus for nerve?

A

stylopharyngeus, motor nucleus is nucleus ambiguus

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20
Q

which way doe the right sternocleidomastoid turn the head?

A

to the left.

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21
Q

which way does the tongue point when protruded if lower lesion?

A

to the weak side. (tongue could Lick the lesion)

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22
Q

What is tolusa hunt syndrome? Treatment?

A

granulomatous inflammation of cavernous sinus with painful ophthalmoplegia. Treat w/ prednisone

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23
Q

Parts of the hypothalamus for appetite increase and decrease?

A

increase: lateral
decrease: ventromedial (destruction of this satiety center causes obesity)

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24
Q

part of hypothal producing dopamine?

A

arcuate

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25
part of thalamus for circadian rhythm?
suprachiasmatic
26
Lesion of what part of the thalamus causes increased temp vs decreased temp?
increased temp from anterior lesion which is usually for cooling. decr temp from posterior lesion which is usually for heat conservation
27
What lesions are damaged in hypothal when you get diabetes insipidus?
paraventricular and supraoptic due to loss of ADH
28
Which hypothal areas promote sleep vs promote wake?
sleep: anterior hypothal wake: posterior and lateral hypothal
29
narcolepsy caused by deficient what which does what?
orexin (hypocretin) which are in the posterior/lateral hypothal to promote wakefulness by sending projections to ascending arousal systems.
30
Area for release of gonadotropins in hypothal?
medial preoptic (stripping of pre-op patients)
31
Describe the papez circuit?
Hippocampus --fornix--mamillary body--anterior n. thalamus--cingulate--entorhinal
32
What is the medial forebrain bundle?
part of limbic: MOSH: connects midbrain, orbitofrontal region, septal area, and hypothalamus
33
What is Kluver Bucy syndrome
hypersexual, hyperoral, placid due to damage of bilateral anterior temporal lobe
34
korsakoff psychosis
retrograde / anterograde amnesia with malnutrition and alcohol, causes confabulation
35
wernicke disease damages what areas, what does it cause?
EOM abnormality, ataxia, confusion: thiamine def: mamillary body, medial thalamic nucleus, periaqueductal gray, pontine tegmentum
36
Name four cutaneous receptors and purpose?
1. free nerve endings: pain/temp 2. paccinian: touch, pressure, vibration 3. merkel: lt touch 4. meissner: 2pt discrim
37
Axilla dermatome
T2
38
knee dermatome
L3/4
39
Great toe dermatome?
L5
40
posterior thigh dermatome?
S2
41
dermatome anterior thigh?
L2
42
Sole dermatome (as in Babinski)
S1: scrapes the soul
43
Where does conus medullaris terminate in adults vs newborns?
L1 in adults, L3 in newborns
44
Think of what if you have loss of pain/temp and paralysis but preserved vibration and position sense?
infarction of anterior cord from anterior spinal artery which includes lateral CST, spinothalamics, and anterior horns but spares the dorsal columns which are supplied by the posterior spinal arteries
45
What tracts in sc does B12 deficiency and Friedreichs's affect? Name of this? If you don't see B12 defic, order what?
3: dorsal columns, lateral SCT, spinocerebellar tracts. If you suspect subacute combined degeneration but B12 is normal, check serum homocysteine and methylalonic acid levels.
46
syringomyelia affects what two areas?
central cervical cord with crossing lateral spinothalamic axons and anterior horns
47
ALS affects what?
anterior horns and corticospinal tracts
48
thalamus area involved in limbic function?
anterior nucleus
49
Mediodorsal thalamic nuclei important for what?
frontal association: motivation and memory
50
CN V mesencephalic nucleus is for what?
position sense
51
important thalamic nuclei for movement? How?
VA and VL, involved in movement. Receive GABA inhibition from GPi and substantia nigra.
52
Regions with no blood brain barrier?
NO SPAM about fornication: neurohypophysis, organum vasculosum, subcommisural organ, pineal, area postrema, median eminance, subfornical
53
where does the area postrema connect?
nucleus tractus solitarius
54
The only paired circumventricular organ?
area postrema: two vomiting centers!
55
Where does the ICA travel through
foramen lacerum
56
where does the middle meningeal artery travel through?
foramen spinosum
57
what part of the brain does the olfactory pathway go to?
temporal lobe (think of TLE) and anosmia (dementia)
58
lesions of what cause olfactory hallucinations
uncus: think of Uncle Olaf (uncus / olfactory)
59
muscle involved in eye lid opening
levator palpabrae
60
muscles of mastication supplied by trigeminal
mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensors (tympani, veli palatini), and muscles of mastication (if you masticate, a mile of food, belly becomes tense)
61
digastric nerve supply
anterior: CN V | posterior belly: CN VII
62
what is the oculocardiac reflex
pressure on eyelid causes bradycardia
63
where and what is the ciliospinal center of Budge?
C8-T2 for sympathetic innervation of the eye

Laughing Neuro (6 decks)

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