Cerebellar Anatomy

Question 1

Anterior lobe of Cerebellum:
Also called?
Lesions cause?

Answer 1

Paleo or spino cerebellum

Lesion causes ataxic wide based gait

Question 2

Posterior lobe of cerebellum:
Also called?
Purpose?

Answer 2

Neo / Pontocerebellum

For precise movement

Question 3

Flocculonodular lobe: also called?

Purpose?

Answer 3

Archicerebellum or Vestibulocerebellum

For equilibrium and eye movements

Question 4

Which cerebellar peduncles are for input vs output?

Answer 4

Superior: sends info from cerebellum

Middle and inferior: information to cerebellum

Question 5

Names of the Deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial?

Answer 5

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial (Deep Embolic Fastigial Globs)

Question 6

What is the dentate nucleus of cerebellum for?

Answer 6

Dexterity

Question 7

What important triangle is the dentate nucleus part of?

Lesions in the triangle cause what?

Answer 7

Triangle of Guillain Mollaret.

Lesions cause palatal myoclonus

Question 8

What is the path important for planning and synergy of movements which is a major output from cerebellum? Describe the path.

Answer 8

Dentatorubrothalamic tract: Purkinje cells -> dentate > thru superior cerebellar peduncle > contralat red nucleus -> VL thalamus -> motor cortex

Question 9

What cerebellar nucleus is associated with the flocculonodular lobe? What is it for?

Answer 9

Fastigial for stance and walking.

Question 10

What are the interposed nuclei and what part of the cerebellum are they associated with. What are they for?

Answer 10

Emboliform and Globose. They are assoc with the anterior lobe of cerebellum and help with stability and speed of movement initiation.

Question 11

Titubation, abnl RAMs, action tremor, and dysmetria are caused by damage to what specific cerebellar structures?

Answer 11

The interposed nuclei: globose and emboliform

Question 12

Pneumonic to remember the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 12

1. Molecular layer: mix of cells (basket, stellate, purkinje dentrites, parallel fibers, golgi cell dendrites)
2. Purkinje: Picky: only purkinje cells
3. Granule cell layer: only G cells: golgi, granule, glomeruli (the synapse of golgi and granule)

Question 13

Which cerebellar cells have inhibitory GABA neurotrm? (3)

Answer 13

Basket, Golgi, Purkinje

Question 14

Which cerebellar cells have an excitatory neurotransmission and what is it?

Answer 14

Granule cells: glutamate

Question 15

What neurotransmitter does the stellate cerebellar cells transmit, and what is its role?

Answer 15

Taurine, inhibitory to Purkinje cells

Question 16

Which two cerebellar cell types are inhibitory to purkinje cells, and what nts do they use?

Answer 16

Basket: GABA
Stellate: Taurine

Question 17

What do purkinje cells do?

Answer 17

They are inhibitory to intracerebellar and vestibular nuclei

Question 18

What cells do granule cerebellar cells excite?

Answer 18

Golgi, basket, stellate

Question 19

What is the feedback between golgi and granule cells

Answer 19

Granule excites golgi. Golgi inhibits granule.

Question 20

What are the main sources of input to the cerebellar cortex? (2)

Answer 20

Climbing and Mossy fibers

Question 21

Mossy fiber neurotransmitter?

What does the mossy fiber excite?

Answer 21

Aspartate. Synapse and excite the granule cells which are generally excitatory.

Question 22

What do the parallel fibers do?

Answer 22

Excite purkinje cells which carry output from the cerebellar cortex

Question 23

What finally stimulates / excites the Granule cells to stimulate the purkinje cells?

Answer 23

one mossy fiber

Question 24

where do the climbing fibers come from?

Answer 24

contralateral inferior olivary nucleus through inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Question 25

What is the output from the cerebellar cortex? (Cell)

Answer 25

Purkinje!

Question 26

What are the three pathways by which the cortex provides input to the cerebellum?

Answer 26

1. corticopontocerebellar: from middle cerebellar peduncle 2. cerebro-olivocerebellar: 3. cerebroreticulocerebellar: for voluntary movement control

Question 27

What are the tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebellum (4)?

Answer 27

1. cuneocerebellar 2. dorsal (posterior) spinocerebellar 3. rostral spinocerebellar 4. ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar

Question 28

Cuneocerebellar brings info about movement from where?

Answer 28

ipsilateral upper extremity

Question 29

what tract brings info about ipsilateral lower extremity movement and trunk to cerebellum?, what cell is important and its path?

Answer 29

dorsal spinocerebellar tract: give rise to mossy fibers in inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 30

What peduncle brings info from ventral spinocerebellar tract and what is important about this tract?

Answer 30

Superior cerebellar peduncle, and the fibers cross

Question 31

Where does info from the globose and emboliform go?

Answer 31

To the contralat red nucleus via the globose-emboliform-rubral pathway.

Question 32

Where does info from the dentate nucleus go? (2 paths), describe ultimate path.

Answer 32

Dentatothalamic (VL) Dentatorubral (contralat red nucleus) *Dentatorubrothalamic pathway: Purkinje->dentate->contralat red nucleus / ventral lateral thalamus -> cortex areas 4,6

Question 33

Name the one pathway in the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 33

The pontocerebellar or corticopontocerebellar tract

Question 34

Which efferent pathways are in the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 34

from the fastigial nucleus to vestibular / reticular pathways

Question 35

Most of the input into the cerebellum comes in through where?

Answer 35

the inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 36

Pneumonic to remember inferior cerebellar peduncle inputs to the cerebellum and the paths?

Answer 36

``` I want to drink VODCA: Vestibulocerebellar Olivocerebellar Dorsal spinocerebellar Cuneocerebellar Arcuatocerebellar ```

Question 37

which cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs? Where are the main fibers from?

Answer 37

The superior cerebellar (GED: globose, emboliform, Dentate nuclei)

Question 38

What is the uncinate bundle of Russel?

Answer 38

transmits info to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation via superior cerebellar peduncle.

Question 39

What is the triangle of guillain mollaret?

Answer 39

Red nucleus to inferior olive in central tegmental tract (ipsil) The dentate is involved in the triangle b/c it sends fibers to the contralat red nucleus in the superior peduncle. And the inferior olive sends climbing fibers back to the dentate in the inferior peduncle.