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Head and neck AM > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(145 cards)

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1
Q

What is the most common type of joint in the skull?

A

Suture

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the skull?

A

Neurocranium
Visceracranium
Mandible

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3
Q

What is the division between the neuro- and viscera-cranium?

A

Zygomatic bone

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4
Q

What is the basic structure of a skull bone?

A

Compact bone encompassing spongey bone

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5
Q

What are the 3 main sutures of the skull?

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Lambdoid

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6
Q

Where is the sagittal suture?

A

Between the 2 parietal bones

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7
Q

Where is the coronal suture?

A

Between the parietal and temporal bone

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8
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture?

A

Between parietal and occipital bone

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9
Q

What do bones of the facial skeleton give attachment to?

A

Muscles of tongue, mastication and pharynx

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10
Q

What type of bone are the majority of the facial bones?

A

Irregular

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11
Q

What are the main bony prominences of the skull?

A 
Occipital proturbance
Mastoid process
Zygomatic arch
Styloid process
Occipital condyles
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12
Q

What bone is the mastoid process part of?

A

Temporal bone

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13
Q

What is the zygomatic arch formed from?

A

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

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14
Q

What is the styloid process a part of?

A

Temporal bone

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15
Q

What are the 3 fossae of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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16
Q

What parts of the sphenoid bone form part of the floor of the skull?

A

Body
Pituitary fossa
Greater wing
Lesser wing

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17
Q

What can be seen on the floor of the skull from the inferior aspect?

A 
Occipital condyles
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Lateral and medial pterygoid plates
palatine bone
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18
Q

What do the occipital conduces do?

A

Articulate with the atlas

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19
Q

How can the styloid and mastoid processes be differentiated?

A

Styloid- smaller, thinner

Mastoid- bigger, more lateral

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20
Q

What is the largest foramen of the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

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21
Q

What does the foramen magnum contain?

A

Medulla and left and right vertebral arteries

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22
Q

What are the orbits?

A

Sockets for the eyeball

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23
Q

What forms the superior margin of the orbit?

A

Frontal and sphenoid bones

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24
Q

What forms the inferior margin of the orbit?

A

Maxilla, palatine and zygomatic bones

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25
What forms the medial border of the orbit?
Ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid and maxilla bones
26
What are the air sinuses?
Air spaces present in some skull bones around the nasal cavity
27
What is the function of the air sinuses?
Decrease weight of skull Act as buffer for trauma Vocal resonance Produce mucus to moisturise inside of nasal cavity
28
What are the ear ossicles?
3 small bones in the ear that play a role in hearing
29
What are the 3 ossicles, from superficial to deep?
Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup)
30
Where are the ear ossicles found?
Petrous part of the temporal bone
31
What is the external ear canal's "formal" name?
External auditory meatus
32
Where does the scalp extend to?
Anteriorly to frontal bone Posteriorly to superior nuchal lines of occipital bone Laterally to zygomatic arches
33
What forms the zygomatic arches?
Temporal process of zygomatic bone | Zygomatic process of temporal bone
34
What are the layers of the scalp?
``` Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium ```
35
What gives sensory innervation to the scalp?
Anterior to auricle= branches of trigeminal | Posterior to auricle= Cutaneous branches of C2 and C3
36
What is the arterial supply to the scalp, from anterior to posterior?
``` Supratrochlear Supraorbital Zygomaticotemporal Superficial temporal Posterior auricular Occipital ```
37
How to lacerating scalp wounds bleed and why?
Profusely as fibrous fascia events vasoconstriction
38
What is the venous drainage of the scalp?
Facial vein Retromandibular vein Internal jugular Subclavian
39
What are the emissary veins?
Valveless veins connecting veins draining the scalp with intracranial venous sinuses
40
What is the clinical importance of emissary veins?
Can spread infection intracranially
41
What is dipole?
Spongey inner cranial bone
42
What is the lymphatic drainage of the scalp?
No nodes in scalp, lymph vessels drain away to nodes in the head and neck
43
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Orbicularis oris Orbicularic could Occipitofrontalis Buccinator
44
Where do muscles of facial expression lie?
In superficial fascia of head and neck
45
What is the action of the orbiculares could?
Closes eyelids
46
What is the innervation of the orbiculares could?
Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve
47
What is the structure of the orbiculares orgs?
4 independent quadrants that interlace
48
What is the action of the orbiculares orgs?
Closes mouth and puckers lips
49
What is he innervation of the orbiculares orgs?
Buccal branch of facial nerve
50
What is the structure of the occipitofrontalis?
2 bellies- frontal and occipital- lined by epicranial aponeurosis
51
What is the action of the occipitofrontalis?
Raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead
52
What is the innervation of the occipitofrontalis?
Facial nerve
53
What is the action of the buccinator?
Compresses cheeks against teeth
54
What is the innervation of the buccinator?
Buccal branch of facial nerve
55
What is the course of the facial nerve?
Emerges from the cranial cavity via the stylomastoid foramen
56
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
57
What are the extent and relation of the parotid gland?
``` Anterior border of SCM Zygomatic arch Angle of mandible Masseter External auditory meatus ```
58
What is the course of the parotid gland?
Runs forward, superficial to master, then pierces buccinators to open into the oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar
59
What structures pass through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve External carotid Retromandibular vein
60
What is the innervation of the parotid gland?
``` Sympathetic= superior carvical sympathetic ganglion Parasympathetic= glossopharyngeal ```
61
What is the sensory innervation of the face?
Ophthalmic nerve= nose, eyes, forehead Maxillary= cheeks, temples, upper lip Mandibular= jaw and bottom lip
62
What is the arterial supply of the face?
Branches of external carotid
63
What ar the branches of the external carotid?
``` Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial OccipitalPosterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal ```
64
What is the venous drainage of the face?
Facial and superficial temporal veins, draining to internal jugular
65
How is the neck divided in the horizontal plane?
Into 4 compartments- vertebral, 2 vascular and a visceral
66
What is contained in the vertebral compartment of the neck?
Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles
67
What is contained in the vascular compartments of the neck?
Major blood vessels and vagus nerve
68
What is contained in the visceral compartment of the neck?
Thyroid Parathyroid glands Pharynx, larynx, trachea and oesophagus
69
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
70
What does the atlas articulate with superiorly?
Occipital condyles
71
What type of joint is present between the atlas and occipital condyles?
Synovial
72
What kind of joint os present between C1 and C2?
Pivot
73
What structures pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae?
Vertebral artery and vein
74
What sort of curvature s present in the cervical spine?
Lordosis
75
How is the neck divide from the exterior
Triangles
76
What are the triangles of the neck?
Anterior and posterior
77
What are the borders of the anterior triangle of th neck?
Mandible Anterior of SCM Midline of neck
78
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Submental Submandibular Carotid Muscular
79
What are the boundaries of the submental region?
Anterior belly of digastric muscle | Body of hyoid
80
What are the contents of the submental region?
Submental lymph nodes
81
What are the boundaries of the submandibular region?
Anterior belly of digastric Posterior belly of digastric Mandible
82
What are the contents of the submandibular region?
Facial artery | Submandibular salivary gland
83
What are the boundaries of the carotid region?
Sternocleidomastoid Posterior belly of digastric Superior belly of omohyoid
84
What are the contents of the carotid region of the neck?
Neurovascular structures
85
What are the boundaries of the muscular region of the neck?
Superior bely of omohyoid Sternocleidomastoid Midline of neck
86
What are the contents of the muscular region of the neck?
Strap muscles of the neck
87
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of he neck?
Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Clavicle
88
What are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Omohyoid Scalenes Roots of brachial plexus
89
What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?
Manubrium and clavicle | Mastoid process
90
What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid?
Head tilt to same side | Face turn to opposite side
91
What are the attachments of the trapezius?
Occipital bone Lower thoracic vertebrae Spine of scapula
92
What are the actions of the trapezius?
Rotation, elevation and depression of scapulae
93
What are the main neuromuscular structures of the neck?
Carotid arteries Jugular veins Vagus and phrenic nerve
94
What is the right common carotid a branch of?
Brachiocephalic artery
95
What is the left common carotid a branch of?
Arch of aorta
96
Where do the common carotid arteries run?
Within the carotid sheath in the anterior triangle of the neck
97
What does the carotid sheath enclose?
Common carotid Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve
98
What are the terminal branches of the external carotid?
Maxillary | Superficial temporal
99
What what level does the common carotid divide to the external and internal carotid?
C4
100
What does the internal jugular vein arise from?
Jugular venous sinus which drains the brain
101
What does the internal jugular vein form?
Merges with subclavian to form bracheocephalic
102
What is the external jugular vein?
Superficial vein draining brain and scalp
103
Where does the external jugular vein drain to?
Subclavian
104
Where does the vagus nerve lie in the carotid sheath?
Most posterior
105
What does the phrenic nerve arise from?
Cervical plexus in the neck
106
What does the phrenic nerve supply?
Disphragm
107
What is the path of the phrenic nerve?
Travels through neck, deep to the carotid sheet, to the thorax
108
At what level os the hyoid bone?
C3
109
What type of bone is the hyoid bone?
Irregular bone
110
What are the parts of the hyoid bone?
Body Greater horns Lesser horns
111
What are the 2 types of muscular attachments to the hyoid?
Suprahyoid | Infrahyoid
112
What are the supra hyoid muscular attachments, from superficial to deep?
Stylohyoid Digastric Mylohyoid Geniohyoid
113
What are the infra hyoid muscular attachments, from superficial to deep?
Omohyoid Sternohyoid (Sternothyroid) Thyrohyoid
114
What are the muscles of the tongue?
Hyoglossus Genioglossus Styloglossus
115
What are the functions of the supra hyoid muscles?
Elevate hyoid | Depress mandible
116
What are the functions of the infra hyoid muscles?
Depress hyoid
117
What is the nerve innervation of the mylohyoid?
Mandibular branch
118
What is the innervation of the geniohyoid?
C1
119
What is the innervation of the digastric?
Mylohyoid and facial
120
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid?
Facial
121
What is the innervation f the infra hyoid muscles?
Ansa cervicali, except for thyrohyoid- C1
122
What is the cervical plexus?
Somatic nerve plexus arising from C1-5
123
What does the cervical plexus give rise to?
Phrenic nerve | Ansa cervicalis
124
What kind of gland is the thyroid?
Endocrine
125
Where is the thyroid gland located?
At the front of the neck, anterior to the 2nd and third tracheal rings
126
What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland>
Right and left lobes | Isthmus
127
Where does the carotid sheath lie in relation to the thyroid?
Posterior
128
What compartment of the neck is the thyroid gland in?
Visceral
129
What is the arterial supply of the thyroid?
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
130
Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?
External carotid
131
Where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?
Subclavian
132
What is the venous drainage of the thyroid?
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
133
Where do the thyroid veins drain to?
Superior and middle= internal jugular | Inferior= brachiocephalic
134
How many deciduous teeth are there?
20
135
How many permanent teeth are there?
32
136
How many of each type of permanent teeth are there?
8 incisors 4 canines 8 premolars 12 molars
137
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Hinge
138
What does the TMJ form from?
Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone | Condylar process of the mandible
139
What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?
Elevation, depression, side to side, protrusion and retrusion
140
How many muscles of mastication are there?
4
141
What do the muscles of mastication act on?
TMJ
142
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis Masseter Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid
143
What is the temporalis?
Large fan shaped muscle of mastication on the side of the head
144
What are the bony attachments of the temporalis?
Coronoid process of mandible | Temporal fossa of parietal bone
145
What are the actions of the temporalis?
Anterior fibres= elevation of mandible | Posterior fibres= recursion of mandible

Head and neck AM (13 decks)

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