Throat anatomy and physiology

Question 1

Wha are the 2 parts of the mouth cavity?

Answer 1

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

Answer 2

Lips to palatoglossal arch
Palate to floor of mouth
Buccal mucosa

Question 3

What does the parotid duct pierce?

Answer 3

Buccinator

Question 4

Where does the parotid duct open into?

Answer 4

Opposite maxillary 2nd molar on inner surface of cheek

Question 5

Where does the submandibular duct lie?

Answer 5

Superior to digastric muscle

Question 6

How is the submandibular duct divided?

Answer 6

Into suberficial and deep lobes which are separated by mylohyoid muscle

Question 7

What is the lingual nerve a branch of?

Answer 7

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 8

Whatdoes the lingual nerve supply?

Answer 8

General somatic afferent innervation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 9

What does the lingual nerve carry and what is the function of this?

Answer 9

Nerve fibres of the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
Provides taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 10

What are the functions of the oral cavity?

Answer 10

Taste
Mastication
Speech
Digestion
Swallowing

Question 11

What are the 2 parts of the tongue?

Answer 11

Anterior 2/3

Posterior 1/3

Question 12

What is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue innervated by?

Answer 12

Lingual nerve fron CN V

Question 13

What gives taste innervation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Answer 13

Chorda tympani

Question 14

What gives the blood supply to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 14

1st brachial arch

Question 15

What gives the posterior 1/3 of the tongue its blood supply?

Answer 15

3rd brachial arch

Question 16

What gives the posterior 1/3 tongue its nerve supply?

Answer 16

CN IX

Question 17

What are the 4 forms of papillae on the tongue?

Answer 17

Filliform
Fungiform
Folliate
Circumvallate

Question 18

What are the 2 types of muscle in the tongue?

Answer 18

Intrinsic

Extrinsic

Question 19

What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 19

Alter shape

Question 20

What is the function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 20

Alter position

Question 21

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 21

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hypoglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 22

What is the motor innervation of the tongue?

Answer 22

Hypoglossal supplies all except for palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus

Question 23

What are the functions of the tongue?

Answer 23

Taste
Mastication
Swallowing
Speech

Question 24

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Answer 24

Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Tempralis
Masseter

Question 25

What is the nerve supply of mastication?

Answer 25

Mandibular nerve

Question 26

What are the boundaries of the oropharynx?

Answer 26

Lower border of soft palate to upper margin of epiglottis Palatoglossal arch to posterior pharyngeal wall Faucial pillars and palatine tonsils

Question 27

Wha is the epithelium of the oropharynx?

Answer 27

Stratified squamous non keratinised epithelium

Question 28

What is the nerve supply of the oropharynx?

Answer 28

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 29

What are the boundaries of the hypopharynx?

Answer 29

Superior margin of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage Continuous with oesophagus Back of larynx

Question 30

What is the hypopharynx divided into?

Answer 30

Pyriform sinus Post cricoid area Posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 31

What is the blood supply of the hypopharynx?

Answer 31

Superior thyroid Lingual artery Ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 32

What is the nerve supply of the hypopharynx?

Answer 32

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 33

What are the phases of swallowing?

Answer 33

Oral Pharyngeal Oesophageal

Question 34

What happens in the oral phase of swallowing?

Answer 34

Tongue propels bolus towards pharynx, triggering the swallowing reflex

Question 35

What is the afferent nerve control of the swallowing reflex?

Answer 35

CN V, IX, X

Question 36

What is the efferent nerve control of the swallowing reflex?

Answer 36

CN VII, X, XII

Question 37

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Answer 37

Soft palate pulled upwards Epiglottis covers larynx, vocal cord approximate and larynx moves upwards UOS relaxes Respiration reflex inhibited

Question 38

What happens in the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

Answer 38

UOS contracts | Bolus propelled downwards via peristalsis

Question 39

What is the nerve supply of the oesophageal phase of swallowing?

Answer 39

Reflex via myenteric plexus

Question 40

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 40

Part of res tract Voice Swallowing

Question 41

What are the 3 parts of the larynx?

Answer 41

Supraglottis Glottis Subglottic

Question 42

What are the 7 cartilage segments of the larynx?

Answer 42

Cricoid Thyroid Epiglottis Corniculate and cuneiform paired cartilages

Question 43

What is the structure of the supra glottis?

Answer 43

Extends from superior tip of epiglottis to floor of ventricular fold

Question 44

What is the structure of the glottis?

Answer 44

Begins at true vocal fold and extends to horizontal plane 5mm inferior to vocal cord

Question 45

What is the structure of the sub glottis?

Answer 45

Begins 5mm below free edge of truth vocal cord and proceeds to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

Question 46

What are the 3 types of extrinsic muscle of the larynx?

Answer 46

Infrahyoid Suprahyoid Thyrohyoid

Question 47

What is the function of extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 47

Move entire laryngeal complex

Question 48

What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 48

Regulate movement of the vocal cords

Question 49

What is he motor innervation of the larynx?

Answer 49

CN X- recurrent laryngeal nerve, except for cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by external laryngeal nerve

Question 50

What is the sensory innervation of the supraglottic region of the larynx?

Answer 50

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 51

What is the sensory innervation of the glottic and subglottilc regions of the larynx?

Answer 51

Recurrent laryngeal

Question 52

What are the 4 parts of speech?

Answer 52

Respiration Phonation Resonation Articulation