Anatomy

Question 1

The internal jugular vein is ______ to the carotid artery and _______ to the vagus nerve and all three are housed in the ________

Answer 1

lateral, anterios, cartoid sheath

Question 2

The vertebral arteries are the first branches off the ________ artery

Answer 2

subclavian

Question 3

The ________ nerve keeps the diaphragm alive and if non-functional, may see paralyzed side on inspiratory x ray

Answer 3

phrenic

Question 4

In TOF, the more severe the _______, the more severe the diagnosis

Answer 4

pulmonic stenosis, b/c inc right to left shunting

Question 5

coronary dominance is determined by which artery supplies the _________ descending artery. 70% of people are right dominant so the __________ artery supplies it and 30% are left dominant and the ________ artery supplies it. This artery also supplies the ______ node

Answer 5

posterior descending, right coronary, left circumflex, AV node

Question 6

how can someone get horsiness from mitral valve stenosis

Answer 6

the left atrium can compress the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 7

the femoral head is at inc risk for osteonecrosis and is supplied by the _________ artery

Answer 7

medial circumflex

Question 8

The recurrent laryngeal nerve lies close to the ____________ artery and can be damaged in thyroid surgery

Answer 8

inferior thyroid

Question 9

The superior laryngeal nerve branches off the ________ and supplies innervation to the _________

Answer 9

vagus, cricothyroid muscle

Question 10

In the leg, what nerve innervates the anterior compartment

Answer 10

deep peroneal

Question 11

in the leg, what nerve innervates the lateral component

Answer 11

superficial peroenal

Question 12

in the leg, what nerve innervates the posterior compartment

Answer 12

tibial nerve

Question 13

anterior nosebleeds are typically from the vascular watershed area of the _____________

Answer 13

nasal septum (Kisselbach’s plexus)

Question 14

branches of the _________ artery are responsible for posterior nosebleeds which are typically more severe

Answer 14

sphenopalatine

Question 15

blunt trauma can cause orbital floor fractures which commonly involve the ________ sinus

Answer 15

maxillary

Question 16

prolonged exposure to loud noises can cause loss of stereo ciliated cells in the ___________

Answer 16

organ of corti

Question 17

hearing loss from the auditory nerve is typically due to a ____________

Answer 17

vestibular schwannoma

Question 18

defects in the middle ear ossicles lead to ___________

Answer 18

hearing loss that affects air conduction

Question 19

The __________ nerve mediates the afferent limb of the cough reflex above the vocal cords. Foreign bodies can become lodged in the _________ and cause damage impairing the _________ reflex

Answer 19

internal laryngeal, piriform recess, cough

Question 20

The afferent limb of the gag reflex is mediated by CN ___and the efferent limb is CN ____

Answer 20

9, 10

Question 21

The prostatic plexus lies within the ______ of the prostate and innervates the _________ which facilitates penile erection. Prostatectomy can cause ___________

Answer 21

fascia, corpus cavernosa, erectile dysfunction

Question 22

The cremasteric reflex is from the _________ nerve

Answer 22

gentiofemoral (L1-L2)

Question 23

Branches of the ________ nerve innervate the external urethral and anal sphincters. Injury can lead to

Answer 23

pudendal nerve, fecal incontinence, decreased penile sensation, external urethral sphincter paralysis

Question 24

detrusor muscle overactivity leads to ___________

Answer 24

urge incontinence

Question 25

The _______ nerve provides cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via its small auricular branch

Answer 25

vagus | -can get vasovagal syncope from too much manipulation

Question 26

inter scalene block of brachial plexus numbs the _________

Answer 26

diaphragm from C3-C5:phrenic nerve

Question 27

The _________ artery supplies blood to the ventral 2/3rds of the spinal cord

Answer 27

anterior spinal artery | -so damage leads to pain and temp loss and motor loss

Question 28

hypoperfusion of _______ artery would lead to loss of dorsal column function

Answer 28

posterior spinal arteries

Question 29

Brown Sequard syndrome

Answer 29

ipsilateral dorsal column and motor and contralateral pain and temp 1 above and below the lesion

Question 30

temporal lobe lesion leads to a ________ loop

Answer 30

contralateral Meyer's loop affected "pie in the sky"

Question 31

parietal lobe lesion leads to _________ loop

Answer 31

Baum's loop "pie on the floor"

Question 32

the subthalmic nucleus ______ the globus pallidus interna----> ______ thalamus

Answer 32

excites, inhibits | -with hemiballismus, you have dec activity of subthalmic nucleus

Question 33

Damage to the ________ is also known as Gerstmann syndrome and what do you see

Answer 33

left angular gyrus - agraphia: inability to write - acalcula: inability to do math - finger agnosia: inability to identify fingers - left right disorientation

Question 34

Damage to the _________ cortex leads to global aphasia

Answer 34

left perisylvan

Question 35

nerve pharyngeal arch 3

Answer 35

glossopharyngeal

Question 36

nerve pharyngeal arch 4

Answer 36

vagus

Question 37

nerve pharyngeal arch 6

Answer 37

recurrent laryngeal : hoarseness | -innervates intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Question 38

uvular deviation is mediated by what nerve?

Answer 38

LMN contralateral vagus nerve

Question 39

tongue deviation is mediated by what nerve?

Answer 39

UMN ipsilateral hypoglossus nerve

Question 40

______ nerve root supplies musculocutaneous, radial, and median nerves distally

Answer 40

C7

Question 41

The ______ retina is responsible for lateral vision

Answer 41

nasal

Question 42

The _______ retina is responsible for nasal vision

Answer 42

temporal

Question 43

The midbrain has CN?

Answer 43

CN 3,4 so mediating pupil findings

Question 44

the thoracodorsal nerve innervates what muscle

Answer 44

latissimus dorsi | -shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation

Question 45

_________ nerve damages the serrates anterior and leads to winging of the scapula

Answer 45

long thoracic | -commonly injured during lymph node dissection

Question 46

common perineal injury presents as _________

Answer 46

foot drop and stoppage gait because can't evert or dorsiflex the foot when damaged

Question 47

berry aneurysm leads to an __________ down and out lesion

Answer 47

ipsilateral | -commonly at posterior communicating artery

Question 48

thoracic outlet syndrome is typically from compression of the ________ triangle and can present as numbness tingling, weakness of shoulder, hand, finger

Answer 48

scalene

Question 49

wasting of the thenar eminence involves the ______ nerve and also innervates the _____ beds

Answer 49

median, nail

Question 50

the _______ nerve innervates most of the _______ aspect of the hand

Answer 50

radial, dorsal

Question 51

The right ovarian and testicular vein drain directly into the ______

Answer 51

IVC | sim for right adrenal veins

Question 52

The left ovarian and testicular vein drain into what

Answer 52

left renal vein---> IVC | sim for left adrenal veins

Question 53

______ bone is the wrist bone most commonly injured and its in the anatomical snuff box

Answer 53

scaphoid

Question 54

inability to extend affect digit is a problem with

Answer 54

palmar aponeurosis (dupuytren fracture)

Question 55

tissue of crutches typically leads to damage of ______ nerve and will see

Answer 55

radial, loss of innervation to dorsal thumb and lateral dorsum of the hand

Question 56

compression of ______ nerve in cubital fossa will lead to tingling

Answer 56

median

Question 57

shoulder dystocia during birth affects C____

Answer 57

C5-6 which affects axillary (C5-C6), musculocutaneous (C5-C7), radial(C5-T1), median(C5-T1)

Question 58

which muscle supinates

Answer 58

biceps (musculocutaneous)

Question 59

the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of ________

Answer 59

teres major

Question 60

inferior thyroid artery is a branch of ________

Answer 60

thyrocervical trunk

Question 61

the external ear is from the first pharyngeal ______

Answer 61

cleft (external ear), middle ear is from 1st pharyngeal pouch

Question 62

the right middle lobe is between what ribs

Answer 62

4-6th

Question 63

in the alveoli Hgb is in the _____ form and in the tissues Hgb is in the _____ form

Answer 63

relaxed, taut (low affinity for O2)

Question 64

the bladder is anterior to the ________ and posterior to the internal urethral orifice is the ________

Answer 64

uterus, vaginal wall

Question 65

ballooning of abdominal artery tends to happen between hat two arteries

Answer 65

renal and inferior mesenteric

Question 66

The _____ part of the duodenum is adjacent to the pancreas

Answer 66

2nd

Question 67

interstitial cells of ______ are the pacemaker cells of the small intestine

Answer 67

Cajal

Question 68

The ______ layer of Meissner and Auerbach's plexus is affected in hirschprung's disease

Answer 68

submucosa because other layers may appear normal if only a small amount is involved

Question 69

The _________ artery connects the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Answer 69

marginal

Question 70

areas distal to the dentate line drain in the ________ lymph nodes

Answer 70

superficial inguinal

Question 71

above the dentate line drains into what lymph nodes

Answer 71

inferior mesenteric to internal iliac

Question 72

The dural sinuses drain blood from the brain into the _________ vein

Answer 72

internal jugular

Question 73

In a DISTAL clavicle fracture, the _______ draws the distal fragment inferolaterally, while the _________ and _________ draw a proximal fragment superiomedially

Answer 73

deltoid, trapezius and sternoclediomastoid

Question 74

The _________ peroneal nerve tends to be injured by fighting fitting high boots (damage to fibular head) with sensory loss over ____ leg and ______ foot

Answer 74

common | -have a foot drop (inability to walk on heels), lateral leg, dorsolateral foot

Question 75

The _______ peroneal nerve controls foot eversion

Answer 75

superficial

Question 76

psoas muscle is from the ______ vertebrae and extends into what area

Answer 76

T12-L4, groin

Question 77

iliopsoas test causes _______ muscle inflammation

Answer 77

psoas (flex hip against resistance)

Question 78

the esophagus passes through the diaphragm and contains what

Answer 78

vagal trunks

Question 79

aortic hiatus at diaphragm contains _____, ______, _______

Answer 79

aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein

Question 80

The superior laryngeal nerve splits into what two branches and what do they innervate?

Answer 80

the external branch travels with the superior thyroid artery and innervates the cricothyroid, the internal provides sensory info above vocal cords

Question 81

recurrent laryngeals provide innervation to all of larynx except the ______. What artery does this nerve travel with

Answer 81

cricothyroid, inferior thyroid artery

Question 82

what are they ONLY true muscles that open the vocal cords facilitating both inspiration and expiration

Answer 82

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 83

The trachea ends at what spinal level

Answer 83

T4-5 and then splits at carina

Question 84

For thorancentesis it should be _______ a rib so you don't damage the neuromuscular bundle. What are the 3 positions?

Answer 84

above - 6-8th rib midclavicular line - 8-10th mid axillary line - 10-12th rib posteriorly

Question 85

What is most at risk when placing a tracheostomy tube between the 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages

Answer 85

thyroid gland

Question 86

Radial nerve innervates the BEST

Answer 86

Brachioradialis Extensors of the wrist Supinator Triceps

Question 87

nursemaids elbow damages the _______ ligament

Answer 87

annular | -arm is extended and forearm pronated

Question 88

damage to radial nerve at axilla-->____ drop and ______ triceps reflex

Answer 88

wrist, absent triceps and sensory loss over posterior arm, forearm, and dorsolateral hand

Question 89

damage to radial nerve at midshaft humerus --->

Answer 89

weakness of hand/finger extensors with sparing of triceps and sensory loss over hand (wrist and finger drop)

Question 90

damage to radial nerve in supinator canal--->

Answer 90

finger drop (esp if using screwdrivers a lot)

Question 91

supracondylar fractures of humerus are more likely to involve _______ nerve

Answer 91

median

Question 92

dislocation of lunate wrist bone may cause

Answer 92

acute carpal tunnel syndrome (damage median nerve)

Question 93

thoracic duct empties at junction of which two veins

Answer 93

left jugular and subclavian

Question 94

____ damaged from valgus stress

Answer 94

MCL

Question 95

_____ damaged from varus stress

Answer 95

LCL

Question 96

ureter is _______ to internal iliac

Answer 96

anterior