Anatomy Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Where are Bipolar neurons seen?
A
Retina, Nose Mucosa, Spiral Ganglion of Ear
2
Q
Psuedounipolar Neurons are found in?
A
Dorsal Root of Ganglion
Mesencephalic Nucleus of V Nerve
Ganglion of V Nerve
3
Q
According to Function,
Motor neurons are _________ nerves?
A
Efferent Nerves
4
Q
According to Function,
Afferent Nerves are _________ nerves.
A
Sensory
5
Q
Oligodentrocytes are ______ shaped?
A
Oval or Pear Shaped
6
Q
Neuroglial cells (supporting cells) are?
4 types
A
Macroglial Cells
Microglial Cells
Schwann Cells
Ependymal Cells
7
Q
Function of Microglial Cells?
A
Phagocytosis
8
Q
Myelin shealth ‘within’ the CNS is formed by?
A
Oligodentrocytes
9
Q
Myelin shealth outside the CNS (PNS)is formed by?
A
Schwann Cells
10
Q
Neuroglial cell that helps in the regeneration of axons once cut?
A
Schwann Cells
11
Q
Cells that are found in the ventricles of the brain?
A
Ependymal Cells
12
Q
Astrocytes are _______ shaped?
A
Star Shaped
13
Q
Astrocytes are mostly found(supporting) _______ part of brain?
A
Blood Brain Barrier
14
Q
Collection of Cell Bodies within the CNS?
A
Gray Matter
15
Q
Collection of Axons within thr CNS?
A
White Matter
16
Q
Dense collection of cell bodies within the CNS?
A
Nuclei
17
Q
Dense collection of cell bodies outside the CNS?
A
Ganglion
18
Q
Dense collection of Axons, within the CNS?
A
Tracts
19
Q
Dense collection of Axons, outside the CNS?
A
Nerves
20
Q
Forebrain is also known as _________?
A
Prosencephalon
21
Q
Midbrain is also known as _________?
A
Mesencephalon
22
Q
Hindbrain is also known as _________?
A
Rhombencephalon
23
Q
Cerebrum is also known as _________?
A
Telencephalon
24
Q
Medulla Oblongata is also known as _________?
A
Myelencephalon
25
Diencephalon comprises of?
Thalamus + Hypothalamus
26
Cerebellum + Pons is together known as?
Metencephalon
27
Forebrain comprises of?
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal Ganglia
28
Hind Brain is composed of?
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
29
Part knows as the Bulb of the Brain?
Medulla Oblongata
30
Part known as the Vital center of Body is?
Medulla Oblongata
31
Transmission in Somatic Nerves are by?
Electrical Transmission
32
Transmission in Autonomic Nerves is by?
Neurotransmitters
| Ach and NorAdr
33
Highest center of brain that controls all motor sensory activities of opposite side of body is?
Cerebrum
34
Controls gross and fine motor activities of same side of body?
Cerebellum
35
Which part helps maintain equilibrium of body and muscle tone?
Cerebellum
36
2 Cerebral hemispheres joined by band of white fibres?
Corpus Callosum
37
2 Cerebellar hemispheres is joined by?
Vermis
38
Cerebral hemispheres are made of 4 lobes?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
39
Cerebellum can be divided into 3 parts based on there anatomy.
The parts are?
Anterior Lobe
Middle/Posterior Lobe
FlocculoNodular Lobe
40
Cerebellum can be divided into 3 parts based on there physiology.
The parts are?
Archicerebellum
Paleocerebellum
Neocerebellum
41
Main cell found in the Outer Grey Matter of Cerebrum?
Pyramidal Cells
42
Cells found in the outer grey matter of Cerebellum?
```
Main Cell- Purkinje Cells
Basket Cells
Golgi Cells
Granular Cells
Stellate Cells
```
43
Cells found in the Inner White Matter of Cerebellum?
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Fibres
44
Cells found in the Inner White Matter of Cerebrum ?
Associative Cerebrum
Commissioned Cerebrum
Projection Cerebrum
45
Cerebellum is arranged in a branching tree pattern, which is called?
Arbor Vitae
46
Cerebellum is arranged in a branching tree pattern, which is called?
Arbor Vitae
47
Main sensory relay station in the brain?
Thalamus
48
All sensory fibres except which passes throught the thalamus?
Olfactory nerve fibres
49
All sensory fibres except which passes throught the thalamus?
Olfactory nerve fibres
50
Highest sector of pain perception and important part of limbic system?
Thalamus
51
Position of Hypothalamus?
Group of nuclei at base of cerebrum in front and below the thalamus
52
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus are connected by a portal tract known as?
Hypothalamo Hypophyseal Tract
53
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus are connected by a portal tract known as?
Hypothalamo Hypophyseal Tract
54
Pituitary Gland lies in?
Sella turcica
| in the body of sphenoid
55
Pituitary Gland lies in?
Sella turcica
| in the body of sphenoid
56
Anterior Lobe of Pituitary gland secreates which all hormones?
5 Hormones
FSH TSH ACTH LH GH
57
Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary gland secreates which all hormones?
MSH
58
Posterior Lobe of Pituitary gland secreates which all hormones?
ADH, Vasopressin, Oxytocin
59
Ante and Intermediate Lobe of Pituitary Gland is together called?
Adeno-hypophysis
60
Posterior Lobe of pituitary gland is also known as?
Neuc-hypophysis
61
Initiation of motor activity is done by?
Basal Ganglia
62
Motor activity controlled and coordinated by?
Pyramidal Tract of Cerebrum
63
Automatic involuntary associated motor movements are done by?
Basal Ganglia
64
The basal Ganglia Nuclei are?
```
Corpus Striatum :
Caudate Nuclei
Lentiform Nuclei-Globus Pallicles & Putamen
Claustrum
Amygdaloid Body
```
65
Physiological Nuclei of Basal Ganglia?
Substansia nigra
| Subthalmic Nuclei
66
Shortest segment of the brain?
MidBrain
67
Cerebral Peduncle consist of?
Cres Cerebri
Tegmentum
Substansia nigra
68
Posterior 2/3 of brain is called?
Tectum
69
Red nucleus?
Cranial N nuclei in tegmentum
| Concerned with muscle tone
70
Lenth of Spinal Cord?
45cm
71
Spinal Cord reaches till what length?
Adults
Infants
Adults L1 to L2
| Infants L3
72
Brain stem includes?
Pons, MO, MB
73
5 parts of internal capsule?
```
Anterior Limb
Genu
Posterior Limb
Retro Lentiform Part
Sub Lentiform Part
```
74
MC parts of internal capsule affected during a lesion?
Genu and Posterior Limb
75
All motor and senory nerve fibres pass through the internal capsule, except?
Olfactory Nerve Fibres
76
MC artery to get affected during an internal capsule lesion?
Lenticulo Striate/ Central part of Middle Cerebral Artery
77
MCC of damage to central part of MCA is?
Uncontrolled Hypertension
78
Cranial nerves that are covered by meninges?
Olfactory Nerves
| Ocular Nerves
79
Main vessel of EDH?
Middle Meningeal Artery
80
Main vessel of SDH?
Cerebral Veins
81
Main vessel of SAH?
Circle of Willis
82
Main vessel of ICH?
Lenticulostriate or Central Branch of MCA
83
MCC of SAH?
Berry Aneurysm
84
MCC of ICH?
Uncontrolled HTN
85
For lumbar puncture, space between ____ to ____.
| MC used?
L1 to S2
| L3 to L4
86
MCC site for Lumbar Puncture?
L3 to L4
87
Spinal Puncture layers?
```
Skin
Supraspinous Ligament
Interspinous Ligament
Ligamentum Flava
Dura
Arachnoid
```
88
Spinal nerves ____pairs?
31 pairs
```
8 Cervical
12 Thorax
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccyx
```
89
Vertebrae _____pairs
```
33 pairs
7 Cervical
12 Thorax
5 Lumbar
5 Sacal
4 Coccyx
```
90
Intraocular Muscles?
Dialator Papillae
Constrictor Papillae
Ciliaris
91
Purely sensory cranial nerves?
1, 2, 8
Special senses except taste
92
Purely motor cranial nerves?
3, 4, 6, 11, 12
Extra Occular Nerves and last 2 nerves
93
Nuclei of CN?
2 Cerbrum
3 MB
4 Pons
4 MO
94
CN 5 nuclei is present at?
Midbrain and Pons
95
Longest CN?
Vagus
96
Shortest CN?
Olfactory
97
Largest or Thickest CN?
Trigeminal N
98
Slender CN?
Trochlear
99
Longest Intracranial Course for CN?
'4' and also 6
100
CN covered with Meniges?
1 and 2
101
CN that cannot regenerate?
Optic Nerve
102
Why Optic Nerve cant regenerate?
Not covered with Neurelima sheath.
| No Schwann Cells
103
First CN to be affected in increased intracranial tension or pressure raised?
Abducent (6th CN)
104
CN exiting out from the ponto-medullary junction?
6, 7, 8
