Anatomy

Question 1

list the contents of the pelvic cavity

Answer 1

uterus
ovaries
uterine tubes
superior vagina

Question 2

list the contents of the perineum

Answer 2

inferior part of vagina 
clitoris 
labia 
perineal muscles 
Bartholins glands

Question 3

what is the function of Bartholins glands

Answer 3

provide lubrication for the vagina

Question 4

what is the function of the peritoneum

Answer 4

transparent membrane secreting small amount of fluid, lines abdominal cavity and roof of the pelvic cavity

Question 5

list the 2 pouches present in female reproductive system

Answer 5

vesico-uterine pouch

recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) most inferior part of peritoneal cavity meaning free fluid collects here

Question 6

where is the broad ligament of the uterus located

Answer 6

extends between the uterus and lateral walls and the floor of the pelvis

Question 7

what is the function of the broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 7

maintains the uterus in midline position

Question 8

where is the round ligament of the uterus located

Answer 8

attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus
passes through deep inguinal ring to attach to superficial tissue of female perineum
proximal part is contained in broad ligament of uterus

Question 9

name the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 9

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

Question 10

for a normal pregnancy to occur, where should the correct implantation of zygote occur

Answer 10

in the body of the uterus

Question 11

name the 3 levels that maintain the position of the uterus

Answer 11

endopelvic fascia
several strong uterosacral ligaments
muscles of the pelvic floor (levator ani)

Question 12

what is the most common variation of positioning of the uterus

Answer 12

anteverted and anteflexed - cervix tipped anteriorly to the axis of the vagina and uterus tipped anteriorly to the axis of the cervix

Question 13

in a cervical smear, what area must be sampled

Answer 13

the squamo-columnar junction or transformation zone

Question 14

what is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy

Answer 14

removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries

Question 15

describe the route of and ovum when it is released from an ovary

Answer 15

fimbrae (ciliated projections attached to infundibulum) capture the ovum from ovary
travels along the infundibulum to the ampulla where fertilisation can occur and then through to the isthmus

Question 16

what is the function of the ovaries

Answer 16

secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to FSH and LH

Question 17

what prevents the superior aspects of the vaginal walls near the cervix from keeping in contact

Answer 17

the 4 fornixes which keep the walls apart

anterior, posterior and 2 lateral

Question 18

during a vaginal examination what structures are palpated at 4pm and 8pm positions

Answer 18

ischial spines

Question 19

what are adnexae

Answer 19

appendages of the uterus eg uterine tubes

Question 20

describe the perineum

Answer 20

shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin, contains openings for the alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts

Question 21

the levator ani is made up of several smaller muscles true/false

Answer 21

true

Question 22

how does the levator ani provide continuous support for pelvic organs

Answer 22

is tonically contracted at all times

reflexively contracts further when intra-abdominal pressure rises eg coughing