Anatomy and Histology - Kidney

Question 1

What is the function of macula densa cells?

Answer 1

Detect salinity

Question 2

In the medullary ray, how can you distinguish the collecting duct, the proximal straight tubule, and the thick ascending limb?

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

Distal Convoluted Tubule

• Relative location in kidney
• Shape
• Location of nucleus
• Distinguishing features (2)

Answer 5

• Cortical labyrinth, very scattered
• Small round profile
• Apical

Question 6

How do the following things affect the number of nephrons in a person’s kidney:

• Premature birth
• Female gender
• Age

Answer 6

• Decreased #
• 12 - 15% fewer nephrons
• Decreasing # with increasing age

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

The kidney is encased in a lot of […]

Answer 8

Fat

Question 9

What is the role of the glomerulus compared to that of the rest of the nephron?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are mesangial cells?

Answer 10

Question 11

The glomerular capillaries are […] capillaries

Answer 11

Fenestrated

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

What is nephrin?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the major components of the nephron?

Answer 14

Question 15

In addition to labeling the image, where in the kidney is this taken from?

Answer 15

Medullary ray

Question 16

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

• Relative # in kidney
• Shape
• Location of nucleus
• Distinguishing features (2)
• Type of epithelium

Answer 16

Type of epithelium = simple cuboidal

Question 17

Describe the course of filtrate in the kidney, starting at bowman’s capsule.

Answer 17

CORTEX:

• First level of plasma filtrate formed at Bowman’s Capsule
• Proximal convoluted tubule

MEDULLA

• Thin loop of Henle (descending)
• Thick loop of Henle (ascending)

CORTEX

• Distal convoluted tubule
• Collecting duct (proximal)

MEDULLA

• Collecting duct (distal)
• Renal papilla

Question 18

In addition to labeling this diagram, give a general explanation for the course of urine travel in the kidney.

Answer 18

Urine (filtrate) is made in the collecting ducts, which are in the renal medulla. Many of these ducts drain into the renal papillae, which drain into the minor calyx, which drains into the major calyx, which drains into the ureter.

Question 19

Why is a surgery to remove a kidney or access a kidney done posteriorly?

Answer 19

Because the kidney is located retroperitoneally - behind the peritoneum. If attempted to locate from an anterior approach, you would have to cut through a lot more muscle and distrub more organs and cut the peritoneum to get to kidneys. From posterior you just cut some back muscles.

Question 20

The right kidney is […] than the left kidney.

Answer 20

Lower due to liver in upper right quadrant of abdomen

Question 21

What structures are visible at each of these layers?

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

The renal arteries come off the […]

Answer 23

Abdominal aorta

Question 24

Primary cilium are [motile or non-motile] and are found where in the kidney?

Answer 24

Question 25

**Macula Densa** * Location in kidney * Shape of structure * Location of nucleus

Answer 25

* Cortical labyrinth, abuts part of glomerulus where afferent and efferent arterioles enter glomerulus * Linear array of nuclei * Apical

Question 26

In addition to labeling the image, where in the kidney is this slice from?

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Describe the epithelium in the following locations of the nephron: * PCT * Thin loop of henle * DCT

Answer 28

Question 29

Describe the pathway of blood through the kidneys

Answer 29

Abdominal aorta --\> renal artery --\> segmental artery --\> interlobar artery --\> arcuate artery --\> interlobular artery --\> afferent arterioles --\> glomerular capillaries --\> efferent arterioles --\> peritubular capillaries and vasa recta --\> interlobular vein --\> arcuate vein --\> interlobar vein --\> sevmental vein --\> renal vein --\> inferior vena cava

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

In addition to labeling this image, where in the kidney is this slice taken from?

Answer 31

Inner stripe of medulla

Question 32

Describe the 3 components of the filtration barrier of the glomerulus.

Answer 32

Question 33

In addition to labeling the image, where in the kidney is this slice taken from?

Answer 33

Outer stripe of medulla

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36

Question 37

What are the 2 types of cells found in the collecting duct?

Answer 37

Question 38

What are the 2 kinds of nephron types?

Answer 38

Question 39

What layer of the kidney is this slice from?

Answer 39