Anatomy and Phyisology of the Integument - 2

Question 1

What is in the integumentary system

Answer 1

Skin w/ adjoining structures, horns, hooves, claws, other modified structures

Question 2

Skin

Answer 2

Largest organ, continuous covering

Question 3

Skin functions

Answer 3

Protective barrier, reduces water loss, reduce invasion of microbes, thermoregulation, sensory regulation

Question 4

Skin characteristics

Answer 4

Thickness varies on species and individual, thickest where exposed, thinner where protected, attachment varies across body

Question 5

Structure of skin

Answer 5

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

Question 6

Epidermis

Answer 6

Outer most layer, comprised of epithelial tissue, nearly nerve free

Question 7

Epidermis- histological layer

Answer 7

Outer most - Corneum, lucidum, granulasum, spinosum, basale - inner most

Question 8

Stratum Corneum

Answer 8

Flatten dead cells

Question 9

Stratum lucidum

Answer 9

Not present in all locations

Question 10

Stratum granulasum

Answer 10

Spindle shape cells with “grainy” appearance

Question 11

Stratum basale

Answer 11

Layer that contours the underlying dermis

Question 12

Striatum spinosum

Answer 12

“Spiny” appearance due to the abundance of desmosomes

Question 13

Desmosomes

Answer 13

Fibrous proteins that connect to the cell next to cell

Question 14

Process of replace in epidermis layer

Answer 14

Cells in S.B. undergo mitosis division, new psh the superficial layers away from blood vessels, cells in S.C. fatten, old cells are sloughed off

Question 15

Keratin

Answer 15

Fibrous structural protein

Question 16

What happens when cells are completely full of keratin

Answer 16

The nucleus and organelles disappear

Question 17

What does keratin do for the surface of the skin

Answer 17

Water-resistance, toughens

Question 18

What are made if keratin

Answer 18

Outer layer of skin, hair, horns, nails, claws, hooves

Question 19

What produces the cells the render color

Answer 19

Melanocytes

Answer 20

Where are melanocytes located stratum basal

Question 21

Melanin

Answer 21

Pigment derived from the amino acid tyrosine

Question 22

What is the second layer of skin

Answer 22

Dermis/cerium

Question 23

What does the dermis/curium contain

Answer 23

Arteries, veins, capillaries, lymphatic, nerve fibers

Question 24

Hyperdermis

Answer 24

Inner most layer, Composed of adipocytes

Question 25

Hypodermis functions

Answer 25

Fat storage, movement of skin without tearing, heat insulation, absorb shock

Question 26

Hair types

Answer 26

Guard, wool, tactile

Question 27

Guard hair

Answer 27

Smooth outer coat

Question 28

Wool hair

Answer 28

Fine (often curly), undercoat

Question 29

Tactile hair

Answer 29

Long, stiff hairs utilized as sensory structure

Question 30

Hair follicle structure

Answer 30

Hair bulb, dermal papilla, hair matrix, internal / external root sheath

Question 31

Hair bulb

Answer 31

Origin of hair

Question 32

Dermal papilla

Answer 32

Base of follicle that connects to dermis, blood supply via capillaries

Question 33

Hair matrix

Answer 33

Collection of epithelial cells and melanocytes giving rise to the hair and color

Question 34

Internal root sheath

Answer 34

Directly adjacent to the hair

Question 35

External root sheath

Answer 35

Covers the internal root sheath and give rise to sebaceous (oil) glands

Question 36

Three layers of hair

Answer 36

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

Question 37

Medulla

Answer 37

Inner most layer containing air spaces between cells

Question 38

Cortex

Answer 38

Thickest layer containing keratinized cells that give hair its color

Question 39

Cuticle

Answer 39

Outer most layer of clear cells that cover cortex

Question 40

arrector pili muscle

Answer 40

Tiny bundle of smooth muscle that extends from lower portion of follicle at an angle, can contract 90°, increases insulation

Question 41

Sebaceous gland

Answer 41

Secrets sebum (oil/waxy material) into hair

Question 42

Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)

Answer 42

Tubular gland arising from the dermis to the skin

Question 43

Sudoriferous gland function

Answer 43

Thermoregulation

Question 44

Livestock are — meaning they have hooves

Answer 44

Ungulate

Question 45

Two distinctive characteristics of unglates

Answer 45

Well developed hoofs, distal phalanx

Question 46

Two layer of hooves

Answer 46

Epidermis (non), cerium (vascular)

Question 47

Periople

Answer 47

Thin waxy layer outside the hoof

Question 48

Hoof wall

Answer 48

Thick layers of keratin that create hard surface

Question 49

Coronary band

Answer 49

Region where haired skin becomes hoof

Question 50

Laminae

Answer 50

Bi-layered, interdigitated region between the hoof and corium

Question 51

Sole

Answer 51

Hard surface that contact the ground

Question 52

Bulb

Answer 52

Softer rear portion of the sole

Question 53

Digital cushion

Answer 53

Interior portion of the sole that absorbs shock, frog

Question 54

Horns

Answer 54

Formed over corneal process that projects from frontal bone

Question 55

Interior of the horn

Answer 55

Combined corium and periosteum

Question 56

Coronal diverticulum

Answer 56

Frontal sinus cavity extends into horn, Rick of external exposure when/if dehorned

Question 57

Dewclaws

Answer 57

Resemble horn-type structure, little importance, can be removed to avoid injury,

Question 58

Chestnuts

Answer 58

Horn like growths on the medial sides of horses limbs

Question 59

Ergot

Answer 59

Small projects if conified epithelium at the rear of the fetlock of horses