Blood and Other Fluids

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Absorb and distribute nutrients, transport O2 from lungs, transport CO2 from cells, transport waste from cells to kidneys, transport hormones, pH regulation, thermoregulation, water regulation, defense.

Question 2

What is blood composition

Answer 2

Cells and plasma

Question 3

Types of cells in blood

Answer 3

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, thrombocytes

Question 4

What makes up the plasma

Answer 4

Water, proteins, electrolytes, etc.

Question 5

What are erythrocytes

Answer 5

Red blood cells

Question 6

Erythrocyte functions

Answer 6

Deliver O2 from lungs to body tissue. Return CO2 from body tissue to lungs

Question 7

What are unique to RBC (mammalian)

Answer 7

Biconcave shape (donut-shaped), has more surface area for gas exchange, no nuclei and few organelles

Question 8

What are unique to RBC (avian)

Answer 8

Larger and mammals, oval with n conclaves, has nuclei

Question 9

Hemoglobin

Answer 9

O2 binds to iron for transport, CO2 binds to globin portion after O2 is exchanged, increases O2 binding by 60x, iron-containing protein

Question 10

Erthipoiesis

Answer 10

Formation of red blood cells

Question 11

What is erythropoiesis regulated by

Answer 11

The hormone erythropoietin, it is released by he kidneys to reduce oxygen delivery

Question 12

What conditions increases erythropoiesis

Answer 12

Hypoxia, anemia, injury or trauma

Question 13

What is the life span of RBC

Answer 13

Mammal - 90 -120 days, avian - 25-45 days

Question 14

What is phagocytosis by

Answer 14

Macrophages

Question 15

Hematocrit is

Answer 15

Percentage of RBCs by volume in blood

Question 16

Leukocytes

Answer 16

WBC, defend against infection and foreign materials,
Nuclei and can independently exit blood vessels

Question 17

Two classifications of leukocytes

Answer 17

Gransulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 18

Gransulocyte cell types

Answer 18

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Question 19

Agranulocytes feel types

Answer 19

Monocytes, lymphocytes

Question 20

Neutrophils

Answer 20

First line of defense, constitutes largest percentage of leukocytes, engulfs invading bacteria

Question 21

Basophils

Answer 21

Smallest portion of granulocytes, contain two compounds - heparin, histamine,

Question 22

Eosinophils

Answer 22

Comprise less than 10% of leukocytes, ameboid and somewhat phagocytic

Question 23

Monocytes

Answer 23

Largest circulating leukocytes, monocytes/macrophages

Question 24

Monocyte functions

Answer 24

Phagocytosis, regulation of inflammatory and immune response,

Question 25

Lymphocytes

Answer 25

More prevalent in ruminants and avian, second circulating leukocytes

Question 26

What are the three types of lymphocytes

Answer 26

T, b, and natural killer cells

Question 27

T lymphocytes mature

Answer 27

Thymus

Question 28

B lymphocytes mature in

Answer 28

Bursa

Question 29

Natural killer cells

Answer 29

Release granules filled with proteins and enzymes that cause apoptosis

Question 30

Functions of platelets

Answer 30

Reduce blood loss from insured vessel

Question 31

Thrombus

Answer 31

Blood closets

Question 32

What is the formation of all blood and cellular components

Answer 32

Hematopoiesis

Question 33

Where are stem cells found

Answer 33

Bone marrow

Question 34

Plasma is composed of

Answer 34

92 water, 8 Proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones, and CO2

Question 35

Proteins include

Answer 35

Albumin, golbulins

Question 36

Blood plasma is

Answer 36

Fluid portion with clotting facets

Question 37

Blood serum is

Answer 37

Fluid protection without clotting factor

Question 38

Lymph functions

Answer 38

Provide water,oxygen, and nutrients, deliver lymphocytes to tissue, transport bacteria and unwanted materials to lymph