Cell Structures

Question 1

Cellular structure

Answer 1

Cell membrane, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, nucleus

Question 2

What are the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles

Answer 2

Cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes

Question 3

Cell membrane consists of

Answer 3

Phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol

Question 4

They work together to

Answer 4

Ensure structure, permeability, and solubility

Question 5

A cell membrane consist is of

Answer 5

Phospholipid belayer

Question 6

Phosphate groups

Answer 6

Non-lipid polar that are facing away from each other, towards the outer edges

Question 7

The two fatty acid tails

Answer 7

Are non polar and are facing each other

Question 8

Where is cholesterol found

Answer 8

Between the phospholipid molecules

Question 9

What does cholesterol do

Answer 9

Adjusts the fluidity and flexibility of the membrane

Question 10

Types of cell membrane proteins

Answer 10

Integral, transmembrane, peripheral

Question 11

Integral proteins

Answer 11

Inserted firmly between phospholipid molecules

Question 12

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 12

Reach or are exposed to both the cytosol and ECF

Question 13

Peripheral proteins

Answer 13

Bound to the surface of the membrane

Question 14

Function of cell membrane proteins

Answer 14

Transport across membrane, site of binding in the ECF, formation of cell-to-cell junctions, provision of enzymes with active sites, identify cell type or cell origin

Question 15

Cell adhesion

Answer 15

Modifications that allow multiple cells to connect and function together as tissues and organs

Question 16

Cell adhesion molecules

Answer 16

Desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions

Question 17

Desosomes

Answer 17

Thickening of adjacent cell membranes, it’s time fibrils radiation into the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 18

Tight junctions

Answer 18

Area or zone where two adjacent cells immediately adhere to each other, restricting the movement of water or dissolved materials between cells

Question 19

Gap junctions

Answer 19

Passageways between adjacent cells formed by membrane proteins allowing the exchange of small molecules or ions

Question 20

Methods of transportation

Answer 20

Sim0e and facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 21

Simple diffusion

Answer 21

Distribution of a substance in a solvent medium to it become equal throughout

Question 22

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 22

Requires a carrier system I’m the membrane to assist with crossing

Question 23

Carrier system

Answer 23

Transmembrane protein that binds the diffusing molecule on one side and transfers it to the other side

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

Goes down concentration gradient

Question 25

Diffusion also

Answer 25

Can regulate electrical gradient

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

Movement of water across membranes

Question 27

Aquapoains

Answer 27

Transmembrane proteins responsible for the movement of water

Question 28

Osmotic pressure

Answer 28

Force of moving water from the solution on the side of lower solute concentration to the higher side

Question 29

Three types of Tonicity

Answer 29

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

Question 30

Isotonic

Answer 30

Osmotic pressure of the same on both sides

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

Lower osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

Question 32

Hypertonic

Answer 32

Lower osmotic pressure inside the cell

Question 33

Active transport

Answer 33

Movement of some molecules or ions across the cell membrane against the gradients

Question 34

Ion pumps

Answer 34

Membrane proteins that use active transport

Question 35

Endocytosis

Answer 35

Movement or exterior cell membrane to surround extracellular materials and move across the membrane

Question 36

Phagocytosis

Answer 36

Engulfing large amounts of dissolved particles

Question 37

Pinocytosis

Answer 37

Engulfing small amounts of dissolved particles

Question 38

Exocytosis

Answer 38

We reaction of products synthesized by the cell

Question 39

Cytoplasm

Answer 39

material filling inside of the cells and containing intracellular organelles

Question 40

organells

Answer 40

intracellular structures organized for a particular function

Question 41

cytosal

Answer 41

relatively fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 42

name the organelles

Answer 42

golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus

Question 43

Golgi apparatus

Answer 43

sit of final stages of synthesis and packaging of secretory products of then cell, appears as a stack, varies in size and location in different tissues,

Question 44

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 44

membranous network found through the cytoplasm, divided into two different parts, functions - synthesize protein and lipids for new cell membranes, products for secretion

Question 45

Ribosomes

Answer 45

RNA-protein complexes that synthesize proteins under direction of nuclear DNA

Question 46

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 46

associated with ribosomes, synthesis of proteins

Question 47

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 47

not associated with ribosomes, synthesis of lipids

Question 48

Mitochondria

Answer 48

"power house of the cell", produces energy for the cell, ovoid shaped organelles that have double membrane, contain their own DNA and RNA, inreases when energy demand increases, not dependent on cellular division.

Question 49

lysosomes

Answer 49

membrane-bound vesicles of digestive enzymes, contain varied of enzymes that degrade all types of bio molecules, functions - phagocytosis of extracellular material within cell, engulf and degrade intracellular organelles for self regulation

Question 50

Neucleus

Answer 50

contain genetic material of all encoded DNA, functions - regulate protein synthesis and biochemical activities, ensure passage of genetic material to new cells

Question 51

somatic cells

Answer 51

genetic information for formation and structure of new cells

Question 52

germline cells

Answer 52

genetic information for characteristics of new individuals.