Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > Anatomy and physio of lactation > Flashcards

Anatomy and physio of lactation Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

name 4 computes of the breasts

A

Glandular tissue
Connective tissue
Lymph
Adipose (fatty) tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of glandular tissue in the breast

A

makes and transports the milk

Blood supply which nourishes the breast tissue and provides the nutrients necessary for milk synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of CT in the breast

A

supports the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of lymph in the breasts

A

removes waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

role of the nerves in the breast while Breast feeding

A

Nerves which makes nipple sensitive and allows baby’s suckling to stimulate the release of hormones necessary for milk ejection reflex and the production of milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what protect the breasts from injury

A

Adipose (Fatty) tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do breast change in p

A

enlarge in size and the development of the mammary function occurs only in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where do the breast lie on the chest

A

Lie generally each side of the midline of the anterior chest wall between 2nd and 6th rib
Lie over the pectoralis muscle, and attached by connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when dose Breast development start

A

Development of the breast occurs in the fetus as early as four weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is the mammary ductal system

A

Inside the bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many stages are there to B development

A

4 stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what occurs at puberty in the D of B

A

At puberty the effects of oestrogen and progesterone facilitate further development of the ducts and the glandular system to form the adult breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is B development completed

A

In P due to the Complete development of the mammary function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In puberty what hormones stimulate B development

A

During puberty , oestrogen and growth hormone stimulate the growth of the mammary ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what occurs in the luteal phase (2 phase of M cycle) what happens to the B

A

In the second half of each menstrual cycle, progesterone stimulates development of the lactiferous ducts and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what hormone stimulates the development of the lactiferous ducts and alveoli

A

Progesterone, but only in the luteal phase of menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what pre-determines B size

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the last stage of B development

A

Breast feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the The areola

A

circular middle of the breast, darker pigment so the baby has something to target to feed due to their poor eyesight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

location of Montgomery tubercles

A

on the areola- small little spot like bumps, enlarge in P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of Montgomery tubercles

A

small sebaceous glands, secreting oil lie over the areola

They provide lubrication and alter the pH of the skin discouraging the growth of bacteria on the nipple.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how many lobes are there in each B

A

are 7-10 lobes, divided by bands of fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how many lobules are in each lobe

A

within each lobe are 20-40 lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many alveoli are in each lobules

A

Within each lobule are 10-100 alveoli- grape like clusters of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the function of the alveoli
Alveoli are composed of milk secreting cells, called acini cells that extract the nutrients necessary for milk production from the network of capillaries which surround each alveolus
26
what are acini cells
milk secreting cells
27
location of myoepithelial cells
enclose the alveoli
28
function of myoepithelial cells
cause the alveoli to contract under the influence of oxytocin
29
dose the size of the B determine the amount of milk produced
No
30
function of lactiferous duct
milk drain - milk duct leads to the nipple for feeding
31
location and function of lactiferous sinus
just under the nipple and areola the lactiferous duct widened to form the lactiferous sinus F-act as reservoirs for milk during lactation
32
what causes the expulsion of milk
contraction of the Myoepthilail cells due to oxytocin
33
in what week do the B undergo changes (enlargement +D)
from week 6
34
what hormone is responsible for the growth of the lactiferous ducts, and myoepithelial cells, and increased blood flow to the breast
oestrogen
35
when do the Lactiferous ducts and myoepithelial cells undergo hypertrophy
1st trimester
36
when is the secretion of colostrum
2 trimester
37
when do the alveoli mature
3 trimester
38
in what w is colostrum formed
by W 16
39
what causes the creation of colostrum
formed under the influence of human placental lactogen (HPL) and prolactin
40
what hormone allow for the proliferation and enlargement of the alveoli during third trimester
Progesterone, prolactin and human placental lactogen (HPL)
41
what hormones prevent milk production
High levels of oestrogen and progesterone prevents milk production
42
what hormone causes the growth of the nipple and areola
HPL and prolactin
43
which hormone Inhibition of lactation and milk secretion
progestrone
44
which hormone causes milk synthesis
increased levels of prolactin
45
what is Lactogenesis
the initiation of milk production involving a complex interaction of hormones and other factors. occurs-Following delivery of the placenta, oestrogen progesterone and human placental lactogen levels fall abruptly allowing a rise in prolactin and oxytocin levels. High levels of prolactin secreted by the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the acini cells to produce milk
46
how many stages are there to Lactogenesis
3
47
what occurs in Lactogenesis 1
I occurs at 15–20 weeks gestation. This stage is hormonally driven Colostrum production begins midway through the pregnancy.
48
what occurs in Lactogenesis 2
occurs 30–40 hours after birth. It is initiated by the birth of infant plus removal of the placenta. This stage is also under endocrine control and will occur in all women immediately after birth. Most women will feel increased breast fullness after Lactogenesis II, generally anywhere between 50 and 73 hours
49
what occurs in lactogenesis 3
occurs and continues only with ongoing milk production (galactopoesis). Unlike the first two stages, lactogenesis III is under autocrine control, and is driven by milk removal
50
name some similarities between the first two stages of lactogenesis
are hormonally driven and under autocrine control
51
name some differences of the 3 stage of lactogenesis
lactogenesis III is under autocrine control, and is driven by milk removal- differs from 1 and 2 which are homrome driven and autocrine controlled
52
which hormones decrease and increase after birth
oestrogen and progesterone decline → rise in prolactin and oxytocin
53
which hormone stimulates acini cells
Prolactin (released from anterior pituitary gland) stimulates acini cells to produce milk
54
which hormone causes contractions in the Myoepthilial cells
Oxytocin stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding alveoli, causing ejection reflex → lactiferous ducts → lactiferous sinus
55
what occurs when the baby is suckling
When baby suckling, prolactin-releasing hormone is released by the hypothalamus → prolactin released from anterior pituitary gland. prolactin works on supply and demand process
56
what occurs when the baby stop suckling
When stops suckling, prolactin-inhibiting factor (PIF) is released from hypothalamus → inhibits prolactin supply
57
location and function of Oxytocin
released from the posterior pituitary via a neurosensory mechanism, released in a pulsatile manner causing myoepithelial cells surrounding each alveolus to contract forcing milk into the ductal system towards the nipple. “let down reflex”
58
what can enhance oxytocin
release can be enhanced by things such as hearing a baby crying, thinking about the baby or preparing to breastfeed
59
what can inhibit oxytocin
can be inhibited by fear, pain, embarrassment, or anxiety by the mother
60
name some benefits to both B and m of skin to skin contact
1-Calms and relaxes both mother and baby 2-Regulates the baby’s heart rate and breathing, helping them to better adapt to life outside the womb 3-Stimulates digestion and an interest in feeding 4-Regulates temperature 5-Stimulates the release of hormones to support breastfeeding and mothering
61
name some benefits of skin to skin in NNU to babies
1- improves milk volume to M and contain up-to date antibiotics 2-Improves oxygen saturation 3-Reduces cortisol (stress) levels particularly following painful procedures 4-Encourages pre-feeding behaviour 5-Assists with growth 6-May reduce hospital stay
62
name 3 compounds of colostrum
Colostrum contains high amounts of secretory IgA, lactoferrin, and oligosaccharides
63
what is the foremilk
milk produced in first 3-4 days, Thick and sticky – lower calorific value than breast milk. High concentration of protective constituents coat the lining of the baby’s immature intestines, and helps to prevent pathogens from invading the baby’s system
64
what helps prevent food allergies.
Secretory IgA within the colostrum
65
what is hindmilk
mature milk- produced around day 3-5 due to increase lactose levels, contains more fat and contains hormones like human growth factors, cortisol, insulin, thyroxine and prolactin
66
what hormone can suppress continuing milk production
LH
67
what is continuing milk production relay on
Reliant on maintenance of frequent suckling (to stimulate milk production) and effective removal by baby
68
what are benefits of breast feeding for the infants
Immune response- protective against things like luekemia, Diabetes improves IQ, Psychological impact of bonding
69
what conditions may breast feeding protect Babies from
Leukaemia Rotavirus Necrotising enterocolitis Respiratory tract infections incl pneumonia Urinary tract infections Otis media also things like- Insulin Dependent Diabetes (Type 1 and 2) Topical allergies (excema, asthma and food allergies) Coronary Heart Disease in later life Schizophrenia Irritable bowel / Crohns Disease / Coeliac disease Reduced risk of childhood obesity
70
benefits of breast feeding for mothers
Protective against a number of cancers but specifically breast and ovarian Reduced risk of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia in later life Reduced risk of anaemia Reduced risk of hypertension in later life Reduced risk of coronary heart disease Effective for weight management Protective long term against osteoporosis Effective as short term method of contraception / family spacing

Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions