Female reproductive physiology

Question 1

what are the sex organs

Answer 1

the ovaries

Question 2

what is a gonad

Answer 2

pair pf primary sex organs- ovaries that store, produce and nurish the gametes

Question 3

what are the gametes

Answer 3

sex cells- ova and spermatozoa

Question 4

how many chromosomes do the gametes have

Answer 4

23- haploid- 22 normal chromosomes and 1 sex chromosome

Question 5

what are the sex chromosomes of each gamete

Answer 5

Ova sex chromosome is an X

spermatozoa- either X OR Y

Question 6

are the gonads an endo or exocrine gland

Answer 6

endocrine gland-

Question 7

what holds the ovaries in place

Answer 7

ovarian ligament, which is a fold within the peritoneum

Question 8

what is the function of the ovaries

Answer 8

produce fertilisable oocytes, secretion of hormones that prepare, establish and support pregnancy

Question 9

adaptations of the fallopian tube

Answer 9

finger like appendages called Fimbria that move the ova into the tube once it has been expelled by the follicle
Cilia cell lining the tube, move the egg cell along

Question 10

how many sections are in the fallopian tube

Answer 10

3

Question 11

what are the names of the fallopian tube sections

Answer 11

near ovary- infundibulum
Middle section- Ampulla
opening to the uterus- Isthmus

Question 12

what is the fallopian tube

Answer 12

10cm long smooth muscle tube, lined with cilia cells

mobile and not fixed, can twist which causes issues

Question 13

what is the external female gentile for and made up of

Answer 13

protection against infection and damage

Clitoris, labia major, labia minora, mons pubis

Question 14

what is the uterus

Answer 14

thick muscled organ, that can expand during

pregnancy

Question 15

function of uterus

Answer 15

protects and nourishes baby

role in menstruation, embryo development, labour

Question 16

How many layers dose the uterus have

Answer 16

3 layers
Stratum compactum
Stratum spongiosum
Stratum basale

Question 17

what is a follicle

Answer 17

one egg cell surrounded by one or more layers of follicle cells

Question 18

function of a follicle

Answer 18

protect, support, nourish the developing ova,

Question 19

what hormone dose a follicle produce

Answer 19

oestrogen

Question 20

how many follicle release an egg in a women’s lifetime

Answer 20

only several hundred follicles release eggs out of around 400,000 follicles which are their from birth

Question 21

what is oogenesis

Answer 21

consists of the meiotic cell divisions that lead to the production of ova (eggs) in females
The process begins during fetal development with the fetal ovary. Diploid cells called oogonia divide by mitosis and differentiate to produce primary oocytes (still diploid with 46 chromosomes).

Question 22

what is a corpus lutem

Answer 22

the remains of the follicle following ovulation. It remains functional, producing oestrogen, progesterone, and inhibin, until it finally degenerates

Question 23

what do cilia in the FT do

Answer 23

move the ova down the tube

Question 24

what hormone causes a follicle to start developing an oocyte

Answer 24

Follicle stimulating hormone, (FSH)

Question 25

what hormone triggers ovulation

Answer 25

liturgising hormone (LH)

Question 26

what is Gonadotrophin - releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 26

produced by the Hypothalamus and controls the release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Question 27

function of FSH

Answer 27

stimulates the ovaries to grow an ovum

Question 28

function of LH

Answer 28

triggers ovulation and the growth of the Corpus Luteum

Question 29

function of oestrogen

Answer 29

produced by the ovum and the corpus luteum. This then reduces the amounts of FSH and LH to prevent too many ovum developing. It plays a role in developing the lining of the uterus ready for embryo growth

Question 30

function of progesterone

Answer 30

released by the corpus luteum and works to develop the endometrium and stimulates the mammary glands

Question 31

how many phase dose the ovarian cycle have

Answer 31

3 the follicle phrase, ovulation, luteal phrase

Question 32

what happens in the follicular phase

Answer 32

the development of the follicle, the meiotic stages of division leading to the formation of the secondary oocytes, and the secretion of oestrogen from the follicle

Question 33

when is ovulation and what causes it

Answer 33

around day14-15, and is caused by the high levels of LH

Question 34

Explain the luteal phase

Answer 34

Day-15-28 Ovum expelled the egg, the follicle collapse and becomes a corpus lutum, this produces Mostly progesterone and a little bit of oestrogen If egg is not fertilised then the CL collapses, O and P stop , endometrium collapses which causes bleeding

Question 35

what is a corpus lutum

Answer 35

remains of a follicle that has released an egg, it produces hormones during pregnancy

Question 36

where are the follicles located

Answer 36

on the cortex of the ovary-

Question 37

Is the fallopian tube fixed

Answer 37

No it is mobile which can causes issues if it twists

Question 38

How long is the fallopian tube

Answer 38

10cm

Question 39

function and location of fimbria

Answer 39

end of fallopian tube | guide the expel ova into the F tube

Question 40

where dose fertilization occur

Answer 40

in the Ampulla section of the fallopian tube