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AVS 201 > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy = The parts
Physiology = How the parts work

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2
Q

What are the bodily systems?

A

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Lymphatic
Digestive
Nervous
Urinary
Reproductive
Endocrine
Special Senses

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3
Q

Integumentary System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Protection and sensitivity
○ Skin and Receptors

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4
Q

Skeletal System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Structure, Protection, Movement, WBC formation, Storage
○ Bones and Joints

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5
Q

How many bones to cats have?

A

230 bones

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6
Q

How many bones to dogs have?

A

319

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7
Q

How many teeth do Kittens, Cats, Puppies and Dogs have?

A

Kitten: 26
Cat: 30
Puppies: 28
Dogs: 42

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8
Q

What are dogs skull shapes with examples?

A

Doliocephalic: Narrow base; elongated muzzle (Greyhound)
Mesaticephalic: Medium with base; medium muzzle (Labradors)
Brachyphalic: Broad base; short muzzle (Pugs)

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9
Q

How many vertebrae do cats and dogs have?

A

7 cervical neck muscles
13 thoracic chest
7 lumbar lower back
3 sacral tail bones
(coccygeal)

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10
Q

What is the structure of dogs feet?

A

4 functional toes; 1 vestigial = dewclaw

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11
Q

What is the structure of cats feet and the sections?

A

5 toes front feet; 4 back feet with extra toes being fairly common

Proximal Phalanx, Middle Phalanx, Distal Phalanx

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12
Q

Muscular System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Movement, Posture, Breathing, Circulation, Digestion
○3 types:
Skeletal (round the bone)
Smooth (in organs)
Cardio (in the heart)

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13
Q

What are Voluntary Muscles and which muscle types are voluntary?

A

Move muscles on your own volition when you decide it
(Skeletal)

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14
Q

What are Involuntary Muscles and which muscle types are involuntary?

A

Subconscious movement happening without decisions
(Smooth and Cardio)

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15
Q

Circulatory System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Transport blood around the body
○ Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Lymphatic vessels, Bone Marrow, Spleen, Lymph Nodes

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16
Q

What do Arteries do?

A

They carry OXYGEN RICH blood away from the heart

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17
Q

What do Veins do?

A

They carry OXYGEN DEFICIENT blood to the heart

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18
Q

Lymphatic System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Directing and helping WBC combat diseases by storing them and help with reabsorption of some fluids
○ Tonsils, Thymus, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Lymphocytes

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19
Q

Respiratory System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Breathing and exchanging CO2 and O2 for cell metabolism and helps cardiovascular system
○ Lungs, nose, airways

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20
Q

Nervous System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Regulates activities, Coordinates movement and Process sensations
○ CNS, PNS

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21
Q

What is the CNS and what does it entail?

A

The Central Nervous System
Spine - Protect and House nerves
Brain - Maintain control and houses nerves

22
Q

What is the PNS and what does it entail?

A

The Peripheral Nervous System
All other nerves around the body

23
Q

What are nerve cells called?

A

Neurons

24
Q

What are the parts of the Brain and what is the most important?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem (Most important)

25
Q

What does the Cerebrum do?

A

Communication, Emotions, Learning and Memory

26
Q

What are the parts of the Cerebrum?

A

Frontal Lobe: Emotion, Speech
Parietal Lobe: Movement, Recognition
Occipital Lobe: Visual Processing
Temporal: Auditory Stimuli

27
Q

What does the Cerebellum do?

A

Movement
Balance
Posture
Reflexes

28
Q

What does the Diencephalon do?

A

Consists of thalamus, pituitary gland, hypothalamus
Connects nervous system to endocrine system

29
Q

What does the Brain Stem do?

A

Has Medulla Oblongata, Pons and Midbrain
Subconscious Regulation (Breathing, Heart Swallowing or Vomiting)

30
Q

Urinary System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Reabsorb useful nutrients and eliminate waste
○ Parts are:
Kidney- Filtration
Ureter- Transport from Kidney to Bladder
Bladder- Urine Storage
Urethra- Bladder to urination

31
Q

What is the bony socket where eyes located called?

A

Orbit

32
Q

What is the name for the 3rd eyelid and its function?

A

Nictitating Membrane - To help spread tears on the cornea

33
Q

What volume to humans, cats and dogs hear?

A

Humans: 20,000 hz
Cats: 40,000 hz
Dogs: 60,000 hz

34
Q

What is the structure of External Ear?

A

Pinna
Vertical canal
Horizontal canal
Tympanic Membrane - Eardrum

35
Q

What is the structure of Middle Ear?

A

Eustachian tube
3 bones - Incus, Malleus, Stapes
Oval window

36
Q

What are the number of receptors for smell?

A

Humans - 5 million
Cats - 75-100 million
Dogs - 150-300 milliom

37
Q

Why is dogs and cats smell so good?

A

Smell receptors
Short and Quick inhalations
Air not to lungs but to nasal pockets

38
Q

What is the Jacobson’s organ?
○ Function?

A

Vomereronasal (or Jacobson’s) organ
Are 2 fluid filled sacs above roof of mouth
They sense nerve impulses to hypothalamus (region connected to sexual, feeding, social behaviors)
They also detect pheromones

39
Q

Why are dogs good at tracking/sniffing work?

A

Can detect scent at 10-12 molar concentrations

40
Q

What tastes do Cats react to?

A

To bitter, acidic tastes

41
Q

What tastes do Dogs react to?

A

To sugary tastes

42
Q

How do Dogs and Cats detect touch?

A

Whiskers and receptors in paws

43
Q

Endocrine System
○ Functions
○ Major parts

A

○ Production of hormones for response
○ Hormones and glands

44
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

Helps control body temp, appetite and thirst

45
Q

What does the Pituitary do?

A

Regulates body functions (Anterior and Posterior)

46
Q

What does the Thyroid do?

A

Metabolism and calcitonin regulation

47
Q

What does the Parathyroid do?

A

Calcium and Phosphorous regulation

48
Q

What does the Adrenal do?

A

Fight or flight response through Cortex and Medulla

49
Q

What does the Pancreas do?

A

Has digestive enzymes as well as
The regulation of blood sugar concentration (Insulin/Glucagon)

50
Q

What does the Ovaries do?

A

Produce estrogen and progesterone

51
Q

What does the Testes do?

A

Produce testosterone and estrogens

AVS 201 (10 decks)

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