Vitamins

Question 1

What are vitamins involved in?

Answer 1

In cellular metabolism

Question 2

What are fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

Vitamins that do not dissolve in water:
A, D, E, K

Question 3

What are water soluble vitamins?

Answer 3

Vitamins that dissolve in water:
B and C

Question 4

True or False: Fat soluble vitamins have toxicity issues

Answer 4

True. If too much. Water soluble vitamins are peed out if too much

Question 5

Vitamins A
○ Key for?
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 5

○ Vision and Health
○ Exostosis: Abnormal gait
○ Developmental issue with Cleft Palate: Night blindness

Question 6

Vitamins D
○ Key for?
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms
○ Specific vitamins/minerals they work with

Answer 6

○ Metabolism and bone strength
○ Calcification of tissues and organs/Hypercalcemia: Increased thirst and weak muscles
○ Softening of bones and causes easier fractions: Abnormal gait
○ Regulates Calcium and Phosphorous

Question 7

Vitamins E
○ Key for?
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms
○ Specific vitamins/minerals they work with

Answer 7

○ Antioxidant aiding in membrane stability
○ RARE: If seen, it affects vitamin K
○ Steatitis (Yellow Fever): Inflammation of adipose tissue, lumps and lethargy
○ Selenium

Question 8

Vitamins K
○ Key for?
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 8

○ Involved in blood clotting made up of quinines
○ RARE: If seen, Jaundice and RBC destruction
○ Ingesting toxins causes deficiency as Intestinal Bacteria synthesizes vitamin K

Question 9

What are the 3 B Vitamins

Answer 9

1. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
2. Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
3. Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

Question 10

Vitamin B1 THIAMINE
■ What is its function?
■ What do deficiencies cause?
■ What are thiaminases? Where are they found?

Answer 10

■ Carbohydrate metabolism and cell growth
■ Beriberi (Wet type-heart and Dry type-nerves)
■ Thiaminases break down Thiamine and are found in some plants and raw fish.

Question 11

Vitamin B2 RIBOFLAVIN
■ What is its function?
■ What do deficiencies cause?

Answer 11

■ Involved in oxidative metabolism and skin growth
■ Inflammation of the tongue called Glossitis and also dry skin

Question 12

Vitamin B9 FOLIC ACID
■ What is its function?
■ What do deficiencies cause?
■ What inhibits it?

Answer 12

■ RBC development and fetal development
■ Are rare but cause Bone Marrow Suppression
■ Sulfur based antibiotics

Question 13

Vitamin C ASCORBIC ACID
○ Function
○ Is supplementation needed?
○ Deficiency?

Answer 13

○ Needed for collagen production, tissue repair and iron absorption
○ Dogs and cats make it from glucose so no supplements needed
○ Slow wound repair

Question 14

What % of the animal body do they make up?

Answer 14

3 - 5% of the body

Question 15

True or false: Minerals are synthesized?

Answer 15

No. They are not, they must be ingested

Question 16

What are Macrominerals?
(Parts per Hundred)

Answer 16

Calcium
Phosphorous
Magnesium
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Sulfur
(Parts per Hundred)

Question 17

What are Microminerals?
(Parts per Million)

Answer 17

Iron
Zinc
Copper
Manganese
Iodine
Chromium
Selenium
(Parts per Million)

Question 18

Calcium and Phosphorous
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms
○ What vitamin/mineral do they work with?

Answer 18

○ C- Structure of bones and teeth and P- Enzymatic reactions MUST BE AT 1:1 to 2:1 but preferably 1.2:1
○ If one is too high, then it messes with the absorption of the lower one
○ Abnormal Gait
○ Vitamin D

Question 19

Magnesium
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 19

○ Enzyme function and Muscle contractions
○ Urinary Tract Issues UTI
○ Irregular heart rate

Question 20

Sodium
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms
○ What vitamin/mineral do they work with?

Answer 20

○ Key for salt in extracellular fluids
○ High Blood pressure and increased thirst
○ Pica and Excess urine production
○ Chloride

Question 21

Chloride
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms
○ What vitamin/mineral do they work with?

Answer 21

○ Metabolism, nerve transmission and balancing ionic charges
○ High blood pressure and increased thirst
○ Excess urine production
○ Sodium

Question 22

Potassium
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 22

○ Used in nerve transmission, fluid balance and muscle metabolism
○ Kidney Disease and Irregular heartbeat leading to death
○ Anorexia and Lethargy

Question 23

Iron
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms
○ What vitamin/mineral do they work with?

Answer 23

○ Key element of Haemoglobin in blood transportation
○ Anorexia, Weight loss and Death
○ Anemia
○ Oxygen

Question 24

Copper
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 24

○ Key for Metabolism and producing melanin to protect from UV rays
○ Liver failure: Bedlington terriers can’t mobilize hepatic copper
○Pica and Hair depigmentation

Question 25

Manganese
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 25

○ For metabolism, reproduction and bone growth
○ Albinism and Infertility of Siamese Cats
○ Growth problems

Question 26

Zinc
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 26

○ For enzyme systems and protein synthesis
○ Ingesting metals Hemolytic anaemia death
○ Growth issues

Question 27

Iodine
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 27

○ Synthesizes thyroid hormones found in 75% Thyroid gland and Kidney has the rest
○ Anorexia
○ Goiter - Enlarged thyroid

Question 28

Selenium
○ Functions
○ Toxicity causes/symptoms
○ Deficiency causes/symptoms

Answer 28

○ Cell protection and muscle function
○ Liver disease and Anemia
○ White muscle disease
○ Vitamin E