Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Question

Passive processes

Answer 1

No energy is expanded by the cell

Answer 2

Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

Answer 3

Diffusion with the aid of carrier proteins

Answer 4

Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration (high solvent) to a region of high solute concentration (low solvent)

Answer 5

Substances are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure Small solutes pass through while larger molecules do not Important in kidney function

Answer 6

Energy is expanded by the cell

Answer 7

Materials are taken into the cell

Answer 8

"Cell eating" Cell membrane extend around solid particles

Answer 9

"Cell drinking" Cell membrane extends around fluid droplets Important in absorptive cells in small intestine

Answer 10

Specialized membrane receptors bind to substances entering the cell Enzymes, insulin, hormones, iron, and cholesterol enter the cell by this method

Answer 11

Materials are expelled by a cell Waste products are excreted and useful products are secreted into the extracellular space Hormones, neurotransmitters, and mucus are released from the cell by this method

Answer 12

Movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration with aid of carrier proteins Ex. Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 13

Extracellular fluid is less concentrated than the intracellular fluid Ex. RBCs placed in hypotonic soln gain water and burst

Answer 14

Extracellular fluid is more concentrated that the intracellular fluid Ex. RBCs placed in a hypertonic soln lose water and crenate (shrivel)

Answer 15

Concentrations of the extracellular and intracellular fluids are equal Ex. RBCs placed in an isotonic soln remain unchanged

Answer 16

Groups of similar cells with related functions

Answer 17

Study of tissues

Answer 18

Covers body surface, lines body cavities, and forms active part of glands Functions: protection, secretion, excretion, filtration, absorption of nutrients, and receipt of sensory information

Answer 19

Flat, think, plate-like cells Simple squamous is found lining blood vessels, alveoli of lungs, and thoracic and abdominal cavities Stratified squamous is found lining the mouth, esophagus, vagina, and rectum (nonkeratinized) and epidermis (keratinized)

Answer 20

Cube-shaped cells Simple cuboidal is important in absorption and secretion and forms the active part of glands and small ducts, ovary surface, and kidney tubules Stratified cuboidal is rare but lines the ducts of sweat, salivary, and mammary glands

Answer 21

Tall, rectangular cells Simple columnar lines the digestive tract for absorption and secretion Simple columnar with cilia lines the bronchi, uterine tubes, and uterus Stratified columnar is found in mammary ducts and portions of the male urethra

Answer 22

Appears ro be more than one layer but all cells touch the basal membrane Usually ciliated and often associated with goblet cells Found in respiratory tract

Answer 23

May resemble both cuboidal and squamous and found in areas if great distention such as urinary bladder, uretets amd part of the urethra

Answer 24

Highly specialized epithelial cells with the ability to secrete various products Endocrine and exocrine

Answer 25

Ductless and secret hormones directly into bloodstream Ex. estrogen secreted by ovaries

Answer 26

Have ducts and secrete onto an epithelial surface Ex sweat glands

Answer 27

Composed of 3 elements: cells, fibers, and matrix (ground substance) Functions: connects and supports, protects, insulates, transports fluids, and stores energy

Answer 28

Loose connective tissue most widely distributed supports organs, protects and provides flexibility for all 3 fiber types Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, WBCs

Answer 29

Loose, connective tissue insulates, protects, cushions Reserve energy composed of fat cells (adipocytes)

Answer 30

loose connective tissue supportive tissue found in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow Network of fine reticular fibers, macrophages, and fibroblasts

Answer 31

Dense connective tissue tendons (bone to muscle), ligaments (bone to bone), and aponeuroses (muscle to muscle) Collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern and fibroblasts provide strong attachments

Answer 32

Dense connective tissue Dermis of the skin, organ capsule, joint capsules Collagen fibers arranged in an irregular pattern, elastic fibers, fibroblasts Provides strength and support to areas experiencing tension from all directions

Answer 33

Dense connective tissue Ligaments that contain more elastic fibers than collagen nuchal ligament in horse's neck

Answer 34

Specialized cartilage tissue nose, trachea, larynx, embryonic skeleton, costal cartilage, articular cartilage Collagen fibers and chondrocytes support with some flexibility

Answer 35

pinna, auditory canal, epiglottis, elastic fibers Provides shape and great flexibility

Answer 36

Specialized cartilage tissue intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disc in stifle, thick collagen fibers, and chondrocytes Provides strong support

Answer 37

Bones, collagen fibers, osteocytes, and calcified matrix Supports, protects, houses blood-producing tissue Stores calcium and other minerals

Answer 38

Lattice-like bone structure Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, and plasma

Answer 39

Voluntary control long, parallel striated fibers with multiple nuclei located at their periphery Attaches to and moves bones

Answer 40

Involuntary control Spindle-shaped, smooth cells with a centrally located nucleus Found in walls of hollow organs (ex. digestive tract, blood vessels) Lacks bony attachments

Answer 41

Specialized for conducting electrical impulses Major locations are brain, spinal cord, and nerves 2 Major types: neurons which conduct impulses and neuroglial cells which are supporting cells and do not conduct impulses

Answer 42

Involuntary control Long, striated cells that are joined at points known as intercalated discs; have a single, centrally located nucleus Found only in the heart (myocardium)

Answer 43

Line cavities that ultimately connect to the exterior of the body adapted to absorb and secrete; normally secrete mucus, which lubricates both the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital pathways

Answer 44

membranes that line body cavities but do not connect to the exterior of the body Secrete a thin, watery fluid which reduces friction between parietal and visceral surfaces

Answer 45

Exposed to external environments Provides durability, protection, and waterproofing

Answer 46

study of bones

Answer 47

Bones found on the midline or attached to it Ex ribs, skulls, vertebral column, and sternum

Answer 48

all bones present in the limbs

Answer 49

Support soft tissues of the body Protect vital organs Act as levers for muscle attachment Store minerals Produce blood cells

Answer 50

has very few spaces, appears solid, and provides strength and support Made of Haversian systems (osteons)

Answer 51

Central haversian canal: houses blood vessels and nerves Canaliculi: very small canals that radiate out, connecting all lacunae to each other and to the central haversian canal Lamellae: concentric rings of bone Lacunae: small spaces that house osteocytes (mature bone cells)

Answer 52

no haversian systems has large spaces between lattice-like pieces of bone known as trabeculae Spaces are filled with marrow

Answer 53

immature bone cell that produces bone matrix known as osteoid

Answer 54

very large multinucleated cells capable of dissolving bone matrix and releasing minerals which is a process known as osteolysis (resorption)

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(79 cards)