Terminology Flashcards by Kelsey Johnston

Cranial

Toward the head

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Rostral

toward the nose

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Caudal

Toward the tail

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Dorsal

Toward the backbone

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Ventral

Away from the backbone

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Medial

Closest to the median

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Lateral

Farthest from the medial plane

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Proximal

the point closest to the backbone (used in limbs)

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Distal

the point farthest from the backbone (used in limbs)

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toward the head (used in limbs)

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Posterior

Toward the tail (used in limbs)

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Palmar

Bottom of the front feet

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Plantar

Bottom of the rear feet

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Superficial

Toward the outer surface of the animal

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Deep

Away from the outer surface of the animal

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-cidal

antimicrobials that kill organisms

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-static

antimicrobials that only prevent the replication of the organisms

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Pneumo

air

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Anal, ano-

Anus

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Brachial, Brachio-

Arm

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Hem-, Hemo-, Hemat-

Blood

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Thoracic, Thorax, Thoraco-

Chest

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Auricle, oto-

Ear

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Ocular, Oculo-, Ophthalmo-

Eye

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Pedal, Ped-, Pod-

Foot

Chole, Chol-

Gall Bladder

Cephalic, Cephalo-

Head

Carium, Cardiac, Cardio-

Heart

Renal, nephric, Nephro-

Kidney

Cheil-, Labi-

Lip

Hepatic, Hepato-

Liver

Pulmonary, Pulmonic

Lungs

Oral, Os, Stoma, Stomat-

Mouth

Muscle

Myo-

Ungual

Nail bed

Cervix, Cervical, Cervico-

Neck

Penile

Penis

Perito-

Peritoneum

Rectal

Rectum

Derma-, Integumentum

Skin

Splen-

Spleen

Gastric, Gastro-

Stomach

Orchio-, Orchido-

Testicle

Cysti-, Cysto-

Urinary bladder

Hystera-, metra

Uterus

Vulvo-

Vulva

-algia -dynia

pain

-emia

blood condition

-ia

condition, disease

-itis

inflammation

-lepsy

seizure or attack

-malacia

softening

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-penia

deficiency

-plegia

paralysis

-pnea

breathing

-sclerosis

hardening

-rrhage

bursting forth

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-rrhexis

breaking open

-centesis

puncture, aspiration

-ectomy

surgical removal

-genic

producing, forming

-graphy

process of recording

-lysis

separation

-opsy

view of, vision

-plasty

surgical repair

-scopy

visual examination

-stomy

opening

-tomy

incision, cutting

A-

No, not, without

-uria

urine, urination

Ab-

away from

Ad-

toward, near

Ana-

up, apart

Ante-

pro, before, forward

Anti-

against

Auto-

self

Bi-

two

Brady-

deficient

Chromo-

color

Co-, Com-, Con-

with, together

Cyano-

Blue

De-

lack of, down

Deci-

one tenth

Dia-

through, between

Dis-

apart, away from

Dys-

bad, painful

Ec-, Ecto-

outside

Endo-

within, in, inner

Epi-

above, upon

Ex-

out

Extra-

outside of

Erythro-

red

Hemi-

half

Hexa-

six

Hyper-

excess, above

Hypo-

below, deficient

Infra-

below, beneath

Intra-

within

Leuko-

white

Macro-

large

Mal-

bad

Melano-

black

Meta-

change

Micro-

small

Mono-

one

Multi-

many

Neo-

new

Pan-

all

Para-

Near, alongside

Peri-

surrounding

Post-

after, behind

Pre-, Pro-, Pros-

before, forward

Poly-

many, much

Pseudo-

False

Re-

Back, again

Retro-

behind, backward

Sub-

Less than, beneath

Supra-

above, upper

Sym-, Syn-

with, together

Tachy-

Fast

Trans-

across, through

Tri-

three

Ultra-

beyond

Xanth-

yellow

-algia

pain

-dynia

pain

-emia

blood condition

-ia

condition, disease

-itis

inflammation

-lepsy

seizure or attack

-malacia

softening

-megaly

enlargement

-oma

tumor, mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-penia

deficiency

-plegia

paralysis

-pnea

breathing

-sclerosis

hardening

-rrhage

bursting forth

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-rrhexis

breaking open

-centesis

puncture of

-ectomy

surgical removal

-genic

producing, forming

-graphy

process of recording

-lysis

separation

-opsy

view of, vision

-plasty

surgical repair

-scopy

visual examination

-stomy

opening

-tomy

incision, cutting

-ac, -iac

pertaining to

-al, -eal, -ial

pertaining to

-ar

pertaining to

-ary

pertaining to

-ella

small

-iatric

medical treatment

-ic, -ical

pertaining to

-ine

pertaining to

-oid

resembling

-ous

characteristic of

-plast

cell, living substance

-plasty

formation, plastic repair of

-ular

pertaining to

-vorous

eating

no, not, without

an-

no, not, without

ana-

up, apart

anti-

against

auto-

self

bi-

two

brady-

deficient, under

chloro-

green

chromo-

color

co-

with, together

com-

with, together

con-

with, together

cyano-

blue

de-

down, lack of

deci-

one tenth

di-

two

dia-

through, between, apart, across, completely

dys-

bad, painful

erythro-

red

hemi-

half

hexa-

six

hyper-

excessive, above

hypo-

below, deficient

leuko-

white

macro-

large

mal-

bad

melano-

black

meta-

change, beyond

micro-

small

mono-

one, single

multi-

many

neo-

new

pan-

all

pent-

five

poly-

many, much

pseudo-

false

quadr-

four

sub-

less than, beneath

sym- syn-

with, together

tachy-

fast

tri-

three

ultra-

beyond

xanth-

yellow

ab-

away from

ad-

toward, near

ante-

before, forward

dia-

through

dis-

apart, away from

ec-, ecto-

outside

endo-

within, in, inner

epi-

above, upon

ex-

out

extra-

outside of

in-

in, into

infra-

below, beneath

inter-

between

intra-

within

meta-

beyond, change

para-

near, alongside

peri-

surrounding

post-

after, behind

pre-

before

pro-, pros-

before, forward

re-

back, again

retro-

behind, backward

sub-

beneath, less than

supra-

above, upper

trans-

across, through

aden/o-

gland

arteri/o-

artery

arthr/o-

joint

blephar/o-

eyelid

bronch/o-

windpipe, throat

cardi/o-

heart

cephal/o-

head

cerebr/o-

brain

chir/o-

hand

chol/o-

bile

chondr/o-

cartilage

col/o-

lower intestine

colp/o-

vagina

cor/o-

pupil of eye

cortic/o-

cortex

cost/o-

rib

cyst/o-

bladder,cyst

cyt/o-

cell

dacry/o-

tears

dent/i-

tooth

dermat/o-

skin

dextr/o-

right side

encephal/o-

brain

enter/o-

intestine

fibr/o-

fibrous

gastr/o-

stomach

gloss/o-

tongue

gynec/o-

woman

hem/a-

blood

hem/o-

blood

hepat/o-

liver

hist/o-

tissue

hydr/o-

water

hyster/o-

uterus, womb

ili/o-

flank, upper hipbone

irid/o-

iris of the eye

labi/o-

lip

lapar/o-

flank, abdominal wall

laryng/o-

windpipe larynx

lip/o-

fat

mast/o-

breast

metr/o-

uterus

muscul/o-

muscle

myel/o-

marrow, spinal cord

my/o-

muscle

nephr/o-

kidney

neur/o-

nerve

odont/o-

tooth

ophthalm/o-

eye

opt/o-

eye

orchid/o-

testes

oss/i-

bone

oste/o-

bone

ot/o-

ear

ov/i-

egg

pharyng/o-

pharynx

phleb/o-

vein

pleur/o-

rib, side of body

pneum/o-

lung, air

pod/o-

foot

poli/o-

gray matter

proct/o-

anus, rectum

psych/o-

mind

pulm/o-

lung

pyel/o-

pelvis

ren/i-

kidney

sacr/o-

sacrum

sangui-

blood

sarc/o-

flesh

ser/o-

serum, blood

sial/o-

salivary glands

somat/o-

body

spondyl/o-

vertebra

stomat/o-

mouth

thorac/o-

chest

thromb/o-

blood clot

trache/o-

windpipe, trachea

trich/o-

hair

urethr/o-

urethra

urin/o-

urine

ur/o-

urine

uter/o-

womb, uterus

vas/o-

vessel

ven/o-

vein

ventr/o-

abdomen

abdominal

space between the diaphragm and hip bones; houses the major digestive organs

alimentary

pertaining to food or nutrition (alimentary canal)

arterial

pertaining to arteries or the blood in them

articular

pertaining to a joint

autonomic

occurring involuntarily

axial

trunk and skull (skeleton)

bowel

division of the intestine

bronchial

pertaining to air tubes of the lungs

capillary

smallest blood vessels

cardiac

pertaining to the heart

cardiac muscle tissue

specialized form of involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart

cardiovascular

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

cavity

space or hollow within the body

cerebral

pertaining to the brain, particulary the cerebrum

cervical

pertaining to the neck or cervix

cilia

small hairlike structures

circulatory

pertaining to blood circulation

cloaca

urogenital chamber of birds into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge

coccygeal

tail area

collateral

secondary or accessory

colon

part of the large intestine

connective tissue

tissue specializing in connection and support of body parts

copulatory

pertaining to sexual intercourse

coronary

regarding the heart

cranial

pertaining to the space enclosed by the skull; houses the brain and pituitary gland

cutaneous

relating to the skin

deciduous

falling out at the end of a stage or season; first set of teeth

dental

pertaining to teeth or dentistry

diaphragm

muscular wall dividing thoracic and abdominal cavities

diaphragmatic

pertaining to the diaphragm

diastolic

regarding the relaxation of the heart muscle, allowing heart chambers to fill with blood

duodenal

pertaining to the duodenum

duodenum

the first or proximal portion of the small intestine

endocrine

secreting internally; relating to endocrine glands

epidermal

relating to the outer layer of skin

epithelial tissue

tissue that protects, lines, or invests body organs

esophagus

tubular food passage between the neck and the stomach

excretory

relating to the discharge of waste

exocrine

external secretion of a gland

extremeties

terminal portions; legs, feet, hooves, paws

fascial

connective tissue membrane

fecal

relating to feces (stool or excrement)

genetic

relating to biological heredity

genital

pertaining to the reproductive organs

hormonal

relating to hormones

integumentary

pertaining to the skin of the body

intestinal

pertaining to the large or small intestine

invest

cover or surround a part of the body

involuntary muscle

muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by the nervous system tissue

genetic

relating to biological heredity

genital

pertaining to the reproductive organs

hormonal

relating to hormones

integumentary

pertaining to the skin of the body

intestinal

pertaining to the large or small intestine

invest

cover or surround part of the body

involuntary muscle

muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by the nervous system tissue

larynx

upper part of the trachea (windpipe)

lumbar

pertaining to the lower back

lymphatic

pertaining to lymph or lymphatic vessels

mediastinum

the mass of tissues and organs separating the two lungs

metabolic

relating to metabolism

mucous (adj.)

secreting mucus or covered by mucus

mucus (n.)

slippery secretion of mucous membranes; acts like a lubrication

muscle tissue

tissue with the power to contract and thus produce movement; can be skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle

muscular

pertaining to the muscles

nerve tissue

tissue that carries nerve impulses

nervous

pertaining to the nerves

peritoneum

membrane investing the abdominal cavity and viscera

pleural cavity

space between lungs and pleura

reproductive

concerning the production of offspring

respiratory

pertaining to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells

skeletal

pertaining to the bones of the body

spinal cavity

spaces within the vertebrae; houses the spinal cord

striated

striped, as in the appearance of voluntary (skeletal) muscles

thoracic cavity

space between the neck and diaphragm; houses the lungs

urinary

pertaining to the system of urine secretion

urogenital

pertaining to organs of excretion and production

vascular

relating to vessels for passage of bodily fluids

viscus (pl. viscera)

internal organ(s), particularly of the abdominal cavity

voluntary muscle tissue

muscle tissues controlled by conscious effort; also called skeletal muscle