Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(28 cards)
Why is air warmed upper respiratory system
Preserve body temp
Why is air humidified
Ensures exchange tissue doesn’t dry out
Why is air filtered
Remove virus and bacteria
What do cilia on epithelial cells produce
Mucus
Role of mucus from epithelial cells
Attach to bacteria and virus to prevent entry into the deep lung (pneumonia)
Alveolus site of gas exchange cell types?
Type 1 and type 2
Characteristics of type 1 alveoli cells
Larger, very thin enables gas to diffuse through
Characteristics of type 2 alveoli cells
Smaller, thicker, release surfactant (chemical that reduces surface tension and makes it easier for lungs to expand)
What percentage of the alveoli do capillaries cover?
80-90%
What connective tissue is between capillaries and alveoli
Collagen and elastin
What is bronchiectasis?
Enlarged airways of the lung
(Seen in CF and can cause repetitive infection of the lungs)
Affects of bronchiectasis on airways
Enlarged and plugs the airway so no air can get to the alveoli
Boyles law?
Increase in pressure=volume decrease
Decrease volume=pressure increase
What happens to pressure when lungs expand on inspiration
Volume increases and pressure decreases, pressure becomes sub atmospheric
What happens on expiration
Pressure in lung exceeds atmospheric pressure and lungs want to deflate naturally
What are the lungs contained within
Pleural sac
How does the lung adhere to the thoracic wall
Cohesive forces of pleural membranes, as thoracic cage moves, lung volume changes
What causes the thoracic cage to move in inspiration
Stemocleidomastoids
Scalenes
External intercostals
Diaphragm
What causes the thoracic cage to move on inspiration
Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
What happens when diaphragm contracts
Inspiration and thoracic volume increases
What happens when diaphragm relaxes
Expiration, diaphragm back to original dome shape and thoracic volume decreases
Compliance equation
Compliance =
change in volume/change in pressure
What effect does aging have on the lungs
Loss of elasticity
Reduced lung compliance results in
Stuff lungs
