COPD and resp Failure

Question 1

What age does FEV1 start to decrease?

Answer 1

25

Question 3

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 3

Recurrent excessive mucus secretion in bronchial tree leading to plugging and airway obstruction

Question 4

Emphysema mechanism

Answer 4

Increase beyond normal size of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles

Destruction of airway walls without obvious fibrosis

Question 5

What is the impact of emphysema destroying alveolar

Answer 5

Airways no longer supported and collapse

Question 6

What is a buli

Answer 6

Seen in emphysema when gas in the lungs expand an area and traps gas

Normal infrastructure of alveoli has been destroyed and gas cannot diffuse

Question 7

What is type 1 respiratory failure

Answer 7

Low pO2

Due to emphysema and V/Q mismatch (ventilation perfusion mismatch)

Question 8

Type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 8

Low pO2
High pCO2

Result of under ventilation

Question 9

Causes of type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 9

Central obstruction
Mechanical failure
Central loss of drive
Chronic lung disease (resetting of central drive)

Question 10

Type 2 respiratory failure and chemoreceptors

Answer 10

Central chemoreceptors become adapted to high levels of CO2 and desensitised to it. And become switched off

Drive to breathe is produced from peripheral chemoreceptors and low O2 levels

Question 11

O2 delivery and T2 resp failure

Answer 11

Too much O2 supplementation causes CO2 to increase and drive to breath decrease as peripheral chemoreceptors stop firing due to normal O2 levels

O2 is increased with supplement before a sudden decrease with loss of drive to breath

Death due to hypercarbia