Anatomy and physiology ch. 5 The Integumentary System

Question 0

functions of the skin

Answer 0

the functions of the skin are protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion, and vitamin D production.

Question 1

Components of the skin

Answer 1

the skin consists of the epidermis and the dermis.

Question 2

skin functions: protection

Answer 2

the skin protects against abrasion, uv, microorganisms, and water loss

Question 3

functions of the skin: sensation

Answer 3

the skin has receptors that detect temp changes and touch/ pressure/ pain

Question 4

Functions of the skin: Vitamin D production

Answer 4

when exposed to uv, the skin makes a molecule that can be turned into vitamin D

Question 5

Functions of the skin: temperature regulation

Answer 5

the skin can change the amount of dilation in it’s vessels, and it can activate the sweat glands to regulate temperature

Question 6

functions of the skin: excretion

Answer 6

small amounts of waste products are lost though the skin and in gland secretions

Question 7

epidermis

Answer 7

the most superficial layer of the skin

Question 8

dermis

Answer 8

a layer of connective tissue.

Question 9

hypodermis

Answer 9

a layer of connective tissue connecting the dermis to the bone

Question 10

layers of the epidermis

Answer 10

stratum corneum
stratum luciduum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 11

stratum corneum

Answer 11

the highest layer of the epidermis, it has dead squamous cells that are keratinized

Question 12

stratum lucidum

Answer 12

only found in thick skin of the palm and sole. this layer is composed of 3-5 layers of dead cells

Question 13

stratum granulosum

Answer 13

this is the middle layer of the epidermis. it is 3-5 layers thick. cells pushed from below in this layer start to die.

Question 14

statum spinosum

Answer 14

this layer of cells has a spiny appearance. this layer is composed of 8-10 layers of cell. these cell absorb melanin via phagocytosis

Question 15

stratum basale

Answer 15

deepest layer of the epidermis. it is made up of a single row of actively dividing cells and is attached to the basement membrane. this layer contains skin stem cells, melanocytes, and keratinocytes.

Question 16

dermis

Answer 16

consists of the papillary layer and the reticular layer

Question 17

cleavage lines

Answer 17

lines of tension in the skin

Question 18

papillary layer

Answer 18

projections that go up into the dermis, also the cause of fingerprints

Question 19

reticular layer

Answer 19

makes up 80% of the dermis

Question 20

hair bulb

Answer 20

living part of the hair

Question 21

hair follicle

Answer 21

projection from the epidermis

Question 22

arrector pili

Answer 22

smooth muscle that raises hair in response to cold

Question 23

pacinian corpuscle

Answer 23

used for deep pressure touch

Question 24

meissner's corpuscle

Answer 24

used for light brisk touch

Question 25

merkels disk

Answer 25

Small, superficial nerve endings involved in detecting light touch and superficial pressure.

Question 26

sebaceous glands

Answer 26

attached to the hair follicle, they release cebum

Question 27

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 27

normal sweat glands

Question 28

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 28

produce a thick secretion from hair, found in armpit and genetalia

Question 29

hypodermis

Answer 29

attaches the dermis to the bone. also contains about half of the body's stored fat

Question 30

melanocyte

Answer 30

cell that produces melanin. found almost equally in all individuals.

Question 31

carotene

Answer 31

yellow pigment that changes the skin color. lipid soluble.

Question 32

albinism

Answer 32

a disease that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin

Question 33

uv light

Answer 33

made of UVA and UVB, this is converted by the skin to make vitamin D. UVA exposure may result in malignant melanoma, UVB exposure will likely result in basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 34

redness

Answer 34

a reddening of the skin. may indicate infection, fever, hypertension, allergies

Question 35

pallor

Answer 35

where the skin is pale. may indicate anemia or low blood pressure

Question 36

jaundice

Answer 36

skin is yellow. may indicate that there is a problem with the liver

Question 37

bronzing

Answer 37

is a symptom of Addison's disease (adrenal gland disorder)

Question 38

bruising

Answer 38

indicates broken blood vesssels

Question 39

nail body

Answer 39

the visible part of the nail

Question 40

nail root

Answer 40

the part of the nail covered by skin.

Question 41

eponychium

Answer 41

stratum corneum that extends into the nail body

Question 42

nail matrix

Answer 42

where the nail root extends from.

Question 43

lunula

Answer 43

the whitish crescent-shaped part of the nail located near the cuticle.

Question 44

aging of skin

Answer 44

as the body ages, the layer of the epidermis thins, and the amount of collagen in the dermis decreases, and a loss of elastic tissue

Question 45

1st degree burns

Answer 45

involve only the epidermis; are red and painful

Question 46

2nd degree burns

Answer 46

also known as partial thickness burns, they burn the epidermis and part of the dermis. redness, pain, edema, and blisters may appear

Question 47

3rd degree burn

Answer 47

full thickness burn; the epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed; these are usually painless because the nerves are completely destroyed; usually requires skin grafts, and are prone to infection.

Question 48

the rule of nine

Answer 48

head +neck front+back =9%, front and back of arm 9%, anterior superior torso 9%, anterior inferior torso 9%, posterior superior torso 9%, posterior inferior torso 9%, lower extremity front 9%, lower extremity back 9%, genital 1%

Question 49

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 49

the most frequent type, starts with cells in the stratum basale, and extends into the dermis.

Question 50

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 50

starts in cells superior to s. basale. the result is a nodular, keratinized tumor that is confined to the epidermis.

Question 51

malignant melanoma

Answer 51

rare skin cancer that comes from melanocytes; metastasis is common, and can be often fatal.

Question 52

ABCDE's of skin cancer

Answer 52

``` A-Asymmetrical B- Borders are irregular C-Color changes D-Diameter changes E-Evolves rapidly ```