Anatomy and physiology ch.1 The Human Organism Flashcards
(91 cards)
systemic anatomy
study of the body by systems
regional anatomy
the study of the body by regions
anatomy
the study of the structure of the body
anatomical imaging
the use of x-rays, mris, cat scans.
physiology
the study of the function of body parts
6 levels of the human body
- atom
- cellular
- tissue
- organ
- organ system
- organism
atomic level
atoms combine to form molecules
cellular level
molecules combine to form a cell
tissue level
similar cells combine to form tissue
organ level
similar tissues combine to form organs
organ system
organs with similar functions make an organ system
organism
a combination of organ systems
integumentary system
provides protection, regulates temp, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.
consists of hair, skin, nails, sweat glands
skeletal system
provides protection, movement, makes blood cells, stores minerals and fat, consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
muscular system
provides movement and produces body heat. consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons. 3 types of muscle: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
lymphatic system
removes foreign substances from the blood, assists in the production of lymphocytes, maintains fluid in tissues, and absorbs fat/ fat soluble materials from the digestive tract. consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, pancreas
respiratory system
consists of the nose, the nasal cavity, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchial tree, and the lungs.
used for breathing, serves to extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide buildup (gas exchange). helps to maintain the ph balance of the body.
digestive system
consists of the mouth, the throat, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anus. functions to ingest food, digest, absorb nutrients from food, and eliminates waste.
nervous system
consists of the brain, the spinal cord, nerves, detects changes outside and inside of the body. serves the body to control the muscles
endocrine system
introduces hormones into the body, regulates growth, controls blood sugars, regulates metabolism.
cardiovascular system
moves blood around the body. used to move nutrients, respiratory gases, waste products, and hormones.
urinary system
consists of the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. moves nitrogenous wastes, regulates body PH, and maintains fluids and ion balance.
reproductive system
consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, testes, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, and the penis.
negative feedback
maintains homeostasis
