Anatomy And Physiology Of The Heart

Question 0

Systole

Answer 0

The rhythmic contraction of the heart muscle

Question 1

Diastole

Answer 1

The period in the complete heart beat when the heart muscle releases and the chambers fill with blood

Question 2

Stenosis

Answer 2

A narrowing canal or vessel

Question 3

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

Answer 3

All the events that occur in one heartbeat

Question 4

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: All Valves Closed (diastole)

Answer 4

Atria filling
All valves closed
Atrial pressure increasing
Short phase

Question 5

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: A-V Valves Forced Open

Answer 5

Heart is still in diastole
Atrial Pressure> Ventricular Pressure
Atria approximately 95% full
ventricular about 70% full

Question 6

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Atria Contract

Answer 6

Ventricle still in diastole
Atrial systole
Right atrium starts before left atrium
Remaining 30% forced into ventricles

Question 7

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Atria Relaxed

Answer 7

Atria and Ventricle are both diastole

Ventricular pressure> atrial pressure

Question 8

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Ventricles Contract

Answer 8

Ventricle Systole
AV valves close
Aortic and Pulmonary valves forced open
Ventricle contract, beginning at apex

Question 9

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Relaxation of Ventricles

Answer 9

Arterial Pressure> Ventricular Pressure
Blood flows back towards ventricles
Pulmonary and Aortic valves are shut
AV Valves still closed

Question 10

Valves of the Heart: Function of AV valves

Answer 10

Permissive: open property
Prohibitive: close property

Question 11

Valves of the Heart: Valvular Damage

Answer 11

Valvular Insufficiency or Incompetence…valve not closing properly…allowing blood to return where it came from
stenosis: narrowing of a canal or vessel
Endocarditis: inflammation in the heart
Erysipelas: scar tissue developing around the valve
Rheumatic Fever: diagnosed with a heart murmur

Question 12

Intrinsic

Answer 12

Belonging naturally to a part or individual

Question 13

Extrinsic

Answer 13

Being outside of the nature of something

Question 14

Brady-

Answer 14

The combining form of the word “slow”

Question 15

Tachy-

Answer 15

The combining form of the word “fast”

Question 16

Intrinsic Conduction System: Sino-Atrial Node

Answer 16

Between cranial vena cava and right atria wall
Pacemaker of the heart
Consists of cells with the fastest rate of firing
Lowest threshold of depolarization

Question 17

Intrinsic Conduction System: Inter Nodal Fiber Bundles

Answer 17

In wall of atria

Spreads impulses throughout atria

Question 18

Intrinsic Conduction System: Atrioventricular Node

Answer 18

Collects waves of depolarization
In atrial septum near ventricles
Gathers impulse to be sent to a AV bundle

Question 19

AV Bundle

Answer 19

In ventricular septum
Composed of small diameter cardiac muscle fibers
Conducts impulse towards apex

Question 20

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 20

Third form of cardiac muscle
Mammals have in ventricle
In ventricular walls
Conducts Impulse from AV bundle to muscle fibers to ventricles

Twists..blood is pushed upward and is forced out

Question 21

Functions of the Ventricle Septum

Answer 21

Separates oxygen rich from oxygen poor
Composed of myocardium…aids in contraction of heart
Site of AV bundle…transmits wave of depolarization

Question 22

Extrinsic Conduction System

Answer 22

Autonomic portion of the peripheral nervous system (ANS)

Sympathetic…drift increases causes heart to speed up
Parasympathetic…drift decreases caused heart to slow down
Endocrine

Question 23

ECG: P Wave

Answer 23

Spread of depolarization throughout the atrial muscle ( precedes atrial systole)

Question 24

ECG: QRS Wave

Answer 24

Spread of depolarization throughout the ventricular muscle (precedes ventricular systole)

Question 25

ECG: T Wave

Answer 25

Repolarization of ventricles (follows ventricular systole

Question 26

ECG: PR Interval

Answer 26

The time from the onset of the P-Wave to the beginning of the QRS

Question 27

ECG: ST interval

Answer 27

The time at which the ventricle is depolarized (plateau phase of the ventricular action potential)

Question 28

ECG: QT Interval

Answer 28

The time for both ventricular depolarization and repolarization (duration of ventricular action potential)

Question 29

Heart Block

Answer 29

Intrinsic: AV Node and AV Bundles are affected Extrinsic: interference from autonomic systems or adrenal medulla (tumor)...often in vagus nerve

Question 30

Cardiac Output

Answer 30

CO=volume of blood pumped by the heart in a unit measure of time CO=beats per min times volume pumped by heart per beat

Question 31

Fibrillation

Answer 31

Heart is depolarizing while other part is repolarizing Have to change heart to make beats normal

Question 32

Starlings Law

Answer 32

Force of contraction heart = stretch of heart muscle