Sample Questions For Final

Question 1

What are the physical activities associated with inspiration

Answer 1

Contraction of diaphragm
Rotation of asternal ribs and contraction of chest muscles
Relaxation of smooth muscle by the bronchioles and alveoli sacs

Question 2

What are some conditions that require active expiration?

Answer 2

Pooping
Coughing
Sneezing

Question 3

Where does most of the diffusion of gas between air and blood occur?

Answer 3

Alveoli cells and pulmonary walls

Question 4

What functions are served by the turbinates and its associated membrane?

Answer 4

Circulates air, removes dust, warms air

Question 5

Which gas diffuses most rapidly through cell membranes?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide because higher solubility coefficient

Question 6

Why is venous blood more acidic than arterial blood?

Answer 6

Carbon dioxide makes it more acidic

Question 7

Where are the respiratory centers for the regulation of ventilation located?

Answer 7

Medulla Oblongata

Inspiratory: regular beats
Pneumatic: puts it rhythm
Expiratory: forced expiration

Question 8

Identify the glandular secretions of the true or gastric stomach and state their functions

Answer 8

Hcl- lowers ph
Pepsinogen- converts to pepsin
Lipase- fats to fatty acids

Question 9

Name the four laryngeal cartilage

Answer 9

Epilogittic( prevents foreign material)
Thyroid ( helps swallowing)
Arytenoid (houses vocal cords)
Cricoid ( maintain open shape of larynx)

Question 10

Give three functions of the tongue

Answer 10

Nursing
Chewing
Swallowing

Question 11

What is the pernicious anemia and its function?

Answer 11

Low count of red blood cells because the body can’t absorb b12

Question 12

What is saliva composed of?

Answer 12

Water
Mucous
Fluids
Serous

Question 13

What stimulates saliva production?

Answer 13

Physic: presence of food
Gastric: presence of food in stomach
Intestinal: presence of food as it passes through intestines

Question 14

What is peristalsis and where does it start in the body?

Answer 14

Cranial to caudal

Esophagus

Question 15

Four types of teeth

Answer 15

Incisors (defense or grasping)
Canine (fighting)
Premolars (grinding)
Molars ( grinding)

Question 16

What encourages oxygen loss from the blood to the tissue?

Answer 16

increase in temperature
decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding tissues
increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blook

Question 17

List the functions of the respiratory system

Answer 17

gaseous exchange
voice
regulate body temperature
regulate water balance
regulate pH

Question 18

What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract?

Answer 18

liver
pancreas
gall bladder
salivary glands

Question 19

What is the forestomach in a ruminant?

Answer 19

Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum

Question 20

What is the rumen’s function?

Answer 20

fermentation vat
organ of absorption
organ of maceration
bacterial digestion

Question 21

What is the reticulum function?

Answer 21

grinding heavy materials and collects it

Question 22

What is the omasum function?

Answer 22

further digests heavy matter

Question 23

What is the abomasum function?

Answer 23

True stomach

Question 24

Why are cattle prone to tongue injuries?

Answer 24

because they eat everything

sheep have a hard palate and prehensile lips

Question 25

What animals vomit easily?

Answer 25

cats dogs humans

Question 26

Is there a vomition center?

Answer 26

sphyncter

Question 27

What interferes with the vomiting of a horse

Answer 27

one way passageway of the esophagus

Question 28

Why isnt vomiting an option for cattle?

Answer 28

Because they regurgitate

Question 29

Why is the reabsorbtion of water from the intestine so important?

Answer 29

prevents dehydration

Question 30

What is bile?

Answer 30

bile acids bile salts bile pigments

Question 31

Where is bile produced?

Answer 31

liver

Question 32

Function of the galbladder?

Answer 32

excretes bile to break down fats

Question 33

function of liver?

Answer 33

detoxification processing of nutrients storage of nutrients

Question 34

pancreas function

Answer 34

produces enzymes

Question 35

cecum function

Answer 35

post-gastric fermentation

Question 36

small intestine function?

Answer 36

absortion and metabolism

Question 37

colon function?

Answer 37

water absorption

Question 38

What are the end products of mictrobial digestion?

Answer 38

``` VFAs Lactic acid carbon dioxide and methane associated amino acids vitamin B12 ```

Question 39

What is the function of the esophageal groove?

Answer 39

passageway that bypasses rectum and reticulum for milking

Question 40

What are the two principal gases produced during ruminant fermentation?

Answer 40

carbon dioxide and methane

Question 41

How is regurgitation?

Answer 41

contract rumen and reticulum opening of cardia inspiration with ghlottis closed reserve regurgitation

Question 42

What are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 42

absorb water

Question 43

How do they differ for the horse versus the cow?

Answer 43

large cecum | hindgut fermentation

Question 44

How does acetycholine affect gastrointestinal activity and motility?

Answer 44

increase in digestion

Question 45

Name of the VFAs and tell what their particular use is in the ruminant

Answer 45

acetic acid....glycogen buteric...glycogen propinoic acid....glucose

Question 46

List the openings to the pharynx and know the functions of the pharynx

Answer 46

Mouth, nasal cavity, and Eustachian tubes Helps with swallowing