Bones, Joints, And Cartilage Of The Skeleton

Question 0

Hiatus

Answer 0

An opening or foramen

Question 1

Hilus

Answer 1

The point of the organ where nerves and blood vessels enter and exit

Question 2

Foramen

Answer 2

An opening or hole in a bone or membrane through which pass nerves or blood vessels

Question 3

The Skeletal System-Functions

Answer 3

Storage-minerals or calcium
Connects things together
Manufactures of certain materials
Body frame

Question 4

The Skeletal System-Components

Answer 4

Bone-osteology
Cartilage-chondrology
Joints-arthroscopy
Teeth-odontology

Question 5

Divisions-Appendicular

Answer 5

bones, joints, cartilage associated with limbs

Question 6

Divisions-Axial

Answer 6

Bones,jones, cartilage, teeth associated with long axis of the animal

Example, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull

Question 7

Divisions-Visceral

Answer 7

Bones embedded in soft tissue

Example, os cordis, os rostri, os penis (all found in median plane)

Support for soft tissue

Question 8

Haversian Canal

Answer 8

Canal in middle of bone

Question 9

Lamellae

Answer 9

Thin plate in bone

Question 10

Osteocyte

Answer 10

Mature blood cells

Question 11

Canaliculi

Answer 11

Canal in bone

Question 12

Inorganic Matter

Answer 12

Tricalcium Phosphate- main component of bone

Question 13

Osteon

Answer 13

Only found in cortex of bone

Question 14

How are bones classified?

Answer 14

Appearance and function

Question 15

Long Bone

Answer 15

Femur and radius
Extended in one direction
Provides support

Question 16

Short Bones

Answer 16

Do not have meridal cavity
Provides cushioning between long bones to absorb shock
In wrist and ankle

Question 17

Flat Bone

Answer 17

Expanded in two directions
Provides protection
Pelvis,scapula,ribs,skull

Question 18

Sesamoid Bone

Answer 18

Shaped like a sesameed seed

Question 19

Pneumatic Bone

Answer 19

Has air filled cavity

Associated with sinuses

Question 20

Irregular Bone

Answer 20

Vertebrae

Found in sites for protection

Question 21

Cartilage Make Up

Answer 21

Not as dense as bone
Made up of chondrocytes
Not good blood flow

Question 22

Cartilage function

Answer 22

Gives support

Provides coverings on enols of bones

Question 23

Hyaline

Answer 23

Small nests of chondrocytes surrounded by a matrix of collagen fibers
Glossy, bluish in gross appearance
Example, rib to sternum

Question 24

Fibrocartilage

Answer 24

Less dense compared to hyaline Whitish in gross appearance Herring bone pattern Isolated chondrocytes in matrix of fine collagen fibers Example, meniscus or discs between vertebrae

Question 25

Elastic

Answer 25

Matrix contains elastic fibers forming interlacing network Yellowish in gross appearance Highly flexible Found in inner ear

Question 26

Bone Formation-Cartilagenous

Answer 26

Starts with cartilage then cartilage is replaced with bone overtime Cartilaginous bars:areas that eventually become bone Chondroclast:forms gaps in cartilaginous bars filled by osteoblasts which form osteocytes (Primary bone is osteoclasts)

Question 27

Bone Formation-Membranous

Answer 27

Present in cranium and skull | Soft tissue

Question 28

Joint

Answer 28

Two bones come together

Question 29

How is a joint classified?

Answer 29

Characterized by the degree of movement

Question 30

Joint-Synarthroses

Answer 30

Little or no movement | Bones that make up pelvis and skull

Question 31

Joints-Amphiarthroses

Answer 31

Partial Movement | between most vertebrae

Question 32

Joints-Diarthoses

Answer 32

Complete movement-elbow, knee, carpel joint 1. Articular Surfaces 2. Articular cartilage 3. Joint capsule (ligament) 4. Joint cavity (synovial fluid)

Question 33

Degrees of Movement

Answer 33

``` Immovable-joints of the skull Hinge-elbow and knee Pivot-joint below the skull Ball and socket-shoulder and hip Gliding-wrist and vertebrae ```

Question 34

Epi

Answer 34

Prefix meaning upon or subsequent to

Question 35

Exo

Answer 35

A prefix meaning outer or outward

Question 36

Endo

Answer 36

A prefix meaning inside or within

Question 37

Divisions of the Skeletal System

Answer 37

Axial Appendicular Visceral

Question 38

Axial

Answer 38

Directly associated with long axis Composed of bones, joints, cartilage, and teeth Components:vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skills

Question 39

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 39

7 in land animals | C1-occipital bone-permits head to move up and down (yes joint)

Question 40

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 40

Dorsal or sinus processes T1 and T2 have biggest height-measures in inches by top to ground Hand =4 inches Attachment site to ribs (thoracic vertebrae)

Question 41

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 41

Dorsal boundary of ab category Prominent transverse processes Cord ends at last vertebrae Back loin of animal

Question 42

Sacral Vertebrae

Answer 42

Dorsal basing pelvic boundary | Fused to give more strength in that area

Question 43

Caudal or Coccygeal

Answer 43

Dock tails

Question 44

Components of Skeletal System-ribs and sternum

Answer 44

Articulate with T vertebrae and sternum by costal cartilage Sternum-6 or 7 sternabrae ....irregular bones ...point on first sternabrae is manubrium ...last is called xiphoid process (began as cartilage)

Question 45

Sternal Ribs (individual bones called sternabrae)

Answer 45

First 6/7 pairs of ribs

Question 46

Asternal Ribs

Answer 46

Rest of the ribs held together by coastal cartilage | Have more movement because of thorastic breathing

Question 47

Crepitation

Answer 47

The noise or vibration that occurs when the ends of broken bone run together

Question 48

Trochanter

Answer 48

One or more bony projections of the proximal end of the femur

Question 49

Condyle

Answer 49

A round prominence at the end of the bone

Question 50

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 50

Bones, joints, cartilage found in a limb | Pectoral:bones and joints in the forelimb

Question 51

Facts about Muscles

Answer 51

Supraspinatus-lies above spine Infraspinsters-lies below spine Muscle can increase by... Hyperplasia-increased number of cells Hypertrophy-increased size of cells Atrophy-decrease in muscle mass Disuse Neurotrophic-damaged (sloppy shoulder or Sweeney)

Question 52

Cursorial

Answer 52

Limited to only front and back movement