Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ENT > Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Another name for the nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Another name for the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Another name for the larynx

A

Hypopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 parts of the oral cavity

A

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

Between the lips and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

Lips to palatoglossal arch (anterior pillar)
Palate to floor of mouth / tongue
Buccal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Another name for the parotid duct

A

Stenson’s duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the parotid duct pierce?

A

Buccinator muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the parotid duct usually open into the mouth?

A

Opposite the maxillary second molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Another name for the submandibular duct

A

Whartons duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What muscle does the submandibular duct lie superior to?

A

Digastric muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the lobes of the submandibular gland and what are they separated by?

A

Superficial and deep lobes

Mylohyoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerve supplies general somatic afferent innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the lingual nerve a branch of?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two parts of the tongue?

A

Anterior 2/3rds

Posterior 1/3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue derived from?

A

1st branchial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What supplies taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue derived from?

A

3rd branchial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

CN IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many taste buds does the tongue have?

A

2000 - 8000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What types of taste buds are found on the tongue?

A

Filliform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Folliate papillae
Circumvallate papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Features of filiform papillae

A

Most numerous

Do not contain taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Features of fungiform papillae

A

Scattered throughout dorsum of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where are circumvallate papillae found?
In a row just anterior to the sulcus terminalis
26
What is the sulcus terminalis?
V shaped groove that demarcates the junction of the oral and pharyngeal portions of the tongue base
27
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Alter shape
28
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Alter position
29
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus Styloglossus Hyoglossus Palatoglossus
30
What is the nerve supply of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve supplies all except from palatoglossus
31
What is the nerve supply of the palatoglossus?
Pharyngeal plexus (CN IX - X)
32
Functions of the tongue
Taste Mastication Swallowing Speech
33
Definition of mastication
Chewing
34
Function of the oral cavity
``` Taste Mastication Speech Digestion Swallowing ```
35
What is involved in the oral cavity for speech?
Tongue Cheek Lips
36
What is involved in the oral cavity for digestion?
Salivary enzymes
37
What is involved in the oral cavity for swallowing?
Tongue Hard palate Soft palate
38
What do the muscles of mastication act on?
TMJ
39
What are the muscles of mastication?
Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid Temporalis Masseter
40
Nerve supply of the muscles of mastication
CN V3
41
What are the 3 phases of swallowing?
1. Oral phase 2. Pharyngeal 3. Oesophageal
42
What happens during the oral phase of swallowing?
Tongue propels the food (bolus) into the pharynx | Triggering the swallowing reflex
43
What is the afferent nerve supply to the swallowing reflex?
CN V, IV, X
44
What is the efferent nerve supply to the swallowing reflex?
CN VII, X, XII
45
Where is the swallowing centre found?
Medulla
46
What happens during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?
Soft palate pulled upwards Epiglottis covers the larynx, vocal cord approximate, larynx moves upwards Upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS) relaxes Respiration reflex inhibited
47
What happens during the oesophageal phase of swallowing?
Once bolus passes UOS, the sphincter constricts | Bolus propelled downwards by peristaltic motion, reflex via myenteric plexus
48
What provides motor innervation to both layers of the tunica muscularis?
Auerbachs plexus / myenteric plexus
49
Boundaries of the oropharynx
Lower border of the soft palate to the upper margin of the epiglottis Palatoglossal arch to posterior pharyngeal wall Lateral; faucial pillars and palatine tonsils
50
What is the epithelium of the oropharynx?
Stratified, non keratinised squamous epithelium
51
Nerve supply to oropharynx
CN IX and X
52
What is the blood supply to the hypopharynx?
Superior thyroid artery Lingual artery Ascending pharyngeal artery
53
Nerve supply to hypopharynx
Pharyngeal plexus
54
Boundaries of the hypopharynx
Superior margin of epiglottis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage Continuous with oesophagus Anterior wall; back of larynx
55
What are the 3 subsites of the hypopharynx?
Pyriform sinus Post cricoid area Posterior pharyngeal wall
56
Nerve supply to hypopharynx
Pharyngeal plexus - CN IX and X
57
Function of the larynx
Respiratory tract Voice Swallowing
58
What are the 3 parts of the larynx?
Supraglottis Glottis Subglottic
59
Where does the supraglottis extend from?
Superior tip of the epiglottis to the floor of the ventricular fold (junction of respiratory and squamous epithelium)
60
Where does the glottis extend from?
Begins superiorly at the true vocal fold and extends inferiorly to a horizontal plane 5mm inferiorly to the vocal cord
61
Where does the subglottis region extend from?
Begins 5mm below the free edge of the true vocal cord and proceeds to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
62
What are the 7 segments of cartilage of the larynx?
Cricoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Epiglottis Paired arytenoid cartilages (corniculate and cuneiform)
63
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Infrahyoid Suprahyoid Thyrohyoid
64
Function of extrinsic muscles of the larynx
Move the entire laryngeal complex
65
Function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Regulate movements of the vocal folds
66
Innervation of the larynx
Motor - CN X - all instrinsic muscles - recurrent laryngeal nerve - except cricothyroid (external laryngeal nerve) Sensory - supraglottic - internal laryngeal nerve - glottic and subglottic - recurrent laryngeal nerve
67
What laryngeal nerve has a higher risk of injury during operative chest procedures and why?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve | It has a longer course since it loops around the aortic arch instead of the right subclavian artery
68
What is the source of energy for speech?
Air flow
69
How does phonation of speech work?
Flow of air through different vocal cord position, tension, vibration and length
70
What does resonation of speech depend on?
``` Oral / nasal speech balance Depends on - nasopharynx - nasal cavity - oral cavity ```
71
How is articulation of speech produced?
Lips Tongue Jaw
72
What is prosody?
The rhythm, stress and intonation of speech
73
What is prosody of speech assosiated with?
Brocas area of the left frontal lobe

ENT (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions