Special Senses in the Head and Neck

Question 1

What holes are found in the bony orbit?

Answer 1

Optic foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure

Question 2

What cranial nerves are found in the orbit?

Answer 2

Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducent (VI)

Question 3

Function of optic nerve

Answer 3

Passes from back of eyeball and carries visual impulses

Question 4

What does the oculomotor nerve supply?

Answer 4

Inferior oblique 
Superior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus 
Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 5

What does the trochlear nerve supply?

Answer 5

Superior oblique

Question 6

What does the abducent nerve supply?

Answer 6

Lateral rectus

Question 7

What is the orbit closely related to?

Answer 7

Sinuses

Question 8

What is the fibrous coat of the eye?

Answer 8

Cornea

Sclera

Question 9

What is the vascular coat of the eye?

Answer 9

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

Question 10

What is the sensory coat of the eye?

Answer 10

Retina

Question 11

What is the cornea?

Answer 11

Anterior 1/6 which is transparent and is a window to allow light rays to enter the eyeball

Question 12

What is the sclera?

Answer 12

The opaque posterior 5/6 which gives attachment to muscles moving the eyeball

Question 13

Function of the ciliary body

Answer 13

Suspends the lens

Produces aqueous humor

Question 14

Function of the iris

Answer 14

Controls diameter of the pupil ; controlling the amount of light rays entering the eyeball

Question 15

Function of the choroid

Answer 15

Supplies blood to outer layers of the retina

Question 16

Function of the retina

Answer 16

Has light sensitive rods and cones which enable us to see

Question 17

What is the ora serrata?

Answer 17

Anterior end of the retina

Question 18

What happens at the optic nerve head?

Answer 18

Physical blind spot

Question 19

What is the aqueous humor?

Answer 19

Watery fluid anterior to the lens

Question 20

Function of aqueous humor

Answer 20

Helps to maintain intraocular pressure

Question 21

Function of vitreous humor

Answer 21

Helps to cushion the retina

Question 22

What is the vitreous humor?

Answer 22

A transparent gel posterior to the lens

Question 23

Function of intrinsic ocular muscles

Answer 23

Control pupil diameter and helps alter lens curvature to enable us to see near objects

Question 24

Function of extrinsic ocular muscles

Answer 24

Move the eye

Question 25

What are the intrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 25

Ciliaris muscle in ciliary body Constrictor pupillae in iris at pupillary border Dilator pupillae - radially running muscle in the iris

Question 26

What is the Ciliaris muscle innervated by?

Answer 26

Parasympathetic IIIn

Question 27

What is the constrictor pupillae innervated by?

Answer 27

Parasympathetic IIIn

Question 28

What is the dilator pupillae innervated by?

Answer 28

Sympathetic from plexus around blood vessels

Question 29

What are the extra ocular muscles?

Answer 29

``` Medial rectus Lateral rectus Superior rectus Inferior rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique ```

Question 30

Where do the recti muscles arise from?

Answer 30

Apex of the orbit from an annular fibrous ring

Question 31

Where does the superior oblique muscle arise from?

Answer 31

Roof of the orbit posteriorly | Lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 32

Where does the inferior oblique muscle arise from?

Answer 32

Floor of the orbit anteriorly

Question 33

Where do the recti muscles insert?

Answer 33

Sclera anteriorly

Question 34

Where do the oblique muscles insert?

Answer 34

Sclera posteriorly

Question 35

Where does the LPS insert?

Answer 35

Upper eyelid

Question 36

Function of LPS

Answer 36

Elevation of eyelid

Question 37

Another name for looking up

Answer 37

Elevation

Question 38

Another name for looking laterally away from nose

Answer 38

Abduction

Question 39

Another name for looking medially towards nose

Answer 39

Adduction

Question 40

Another name for looking downwards

Answer 40

Depression

Question 41

Another name for looking up and to the right

Answer 41

Dextro-elevation

Question 42

Another name for looking up and to the left

Answer 42

Levo-elevation

Question 43

Another name for looking down and to the right

Answer 43

Dextro depression

Question 44

Actions of MR

Answer 44

Adduction

Question 45

Actions of LR

Answer 45

Abduction

Question 46

Actions of superior rectus

Answer 46

Elevation Adduction Intorsion

Question 47

Action of inferior rectus

Answer 47

Depression Adduction Extortion

Question 48

Actions of superior oblique

Answer 48

Intorsion Depression Abduction

Question 49

Actions of inferior oblique

Answer 49

Extorsion Elevation Abduction

Question 50

What is RADSIN used to remember?

Answer 50

Recti ADductors | Superiors INtortors

Question 51

Nerve supply to the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 51

Parasympathetic from facial nerve

Question 52

What happens to the lacrimal sack when blinking?

Answer 52

During each blink, eyelids spread tears evenly on the surface of the cornea Tears drain through punctae on the medial side of each eyelid Drains into the lacrimal sac which sits over the lacrimal bone Then drains through the nasocralimal duct into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Question 53

What are the muscles of the middle ear?

Answer 53

Tensor tympani | Stapdieus

Question 54

Function of the tensor tympani

Answer 54

Helps to dampen down some vibrations

Question 55

What bone houses part of the middle and inner ear?

Answer 55

Temporal bone

Question 56

What part of the skull does the facial nerve sit in from the brain?

Answer 56

Posterior cranial fossa | Goes into internal acoustic foramen

Question 57

What travels through the internal acoustic foramen?

Answer 57

Vestibularcochlear nerve | Facial nerve

Question 58

What foramen does the middle meningeal artery run through?

Answer 58

Foramen spinosum

Question 59

Where does the MMA sit in relation to the dura mater and what does this result in if its bleeds?

Answer 59

Outside of the dura mater | Extradural haemorrhage

Question 60

What kind of glands are salivary glands?

Answer 60

Exocrine

Question 61

What type of cells in salivary glands are responsible for squeezing out secretions into the ducts?

Answer 61

Myoepithelial cells

Question 62

3 types of salivary glands

Answer 62

Serous Mucous Mixed

Question 63

What type of gland is the parotid gland and what colour does this stain on histology?

Answer 63

Serous | Dark staining

Question 64

What type of gland is the sublingual gland and what colour does this stain on histology?

Answer 64

Mucous | Pale staining

Question 65

What type of gland is the submandibular gland and therefore what colour does this stain on histology?

Answer 65

Mixed | Elements of both pale and dark staining

Question 66

What epithelium is found on the tongue?

Answer 66

Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinised)

Question 67

What fibres make up the tongue?

Answer 67

Skeletal muscle fibres