Anatomy and Physiology Overview Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What is Human Anatomy?
A
Study of structure and shape of the body
2
Q
What is gross Anatomy?
A
Structures you can see
3
Q
What is microscopic Anatomy?
A
Structures you can see only with the help of a scientific instrument
4
Q
What is Physiology?
A
study of the function of living things
5
Q
What are the levels of organization?
A
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
6
Q
Define the Chemical level
A
simplest, atoms combine to form molecules.
7
Q
Define the Cellular level
A
Cells are made of molecules.
8
Q
Define the tissue level
A
Tissue consist of similar type of cells
9
Q
Define the Organ level
A
Organs are made up of different types of tissues
10
Q
Define the Organ System level
A
different organs that work together closely
11
Q
Define Organismal level
A
made up of many organ systems
12
Q
How is Anatomy studied?
A
organs are dissected to be examined
13
Q
How is Physiology studied?
A
through urine or blood tests
14
Q
List the Characteristics of Life
A
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Movement
- Growth
- Differentiation
- Reproduction
- Maintaining boundaries
15
Q
Define Metabolism
A
sum of all chemical reactions
16
Q
Define Responsiveness
A
- ability to sense a change and react
- ability to detect and respond to change
17
Q
Define Movement
A
motion
18
Q
Define Growth
A
growth in size or number or both
19
Q
Define Differentiation
A
unspecialized cells become specialized
20
Q
Define Reproduction
A
- formation of new cells
- productions of a new individual
21
Q
Define Homeostasis
A
the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions
22
Q
What are the three components of all homeostatic mechanisms?
A
- Receptor
- Control Center
- Effectors
23
Q
Define the Receptor
A
- monitors change and responds with an input
24
Q
Define the Control Center
A
- evaluates the input and sends a message
25
Define the Effectors
- carries out the response
26
Explain a negative feedback loop
- most common
- eliminates the stimulus that creates the change
27
Give examples of a negative feedback loop
- heart rate
- blood pressure
- breathing rate
- release of hormones
- blood sugar
- blood levels
28
Explain a positive feedback loop
strengthens or enhances the change
29
Give examples of positive feedback loop
- blood clotting
- birth of baby
30
What system is this?
Integumentary
31
What system is this?
Skeletal System
32
What system is this?
muscular system
33
What system is this?
nervous system
34
What system is this?
Endocrine
35
What system is this?
cardiovascular system
36
What system is this?
Lymphatic System
37
What system is this?
Respiratory System
38
What system is this?
Digestive System
39
What system is this?
Urinary System
40
What system is this?
Reproductive System
41
What is the main function of the Integumentary System?
Protection
42
What is the function of the Skeletal System?
Protection
43
What is the function of the Muscular System?
Support and movement
44
What is the function of the Nervous System?
Control and coordinate
45
What is the function of the Endocrine System?
Control and coordinate
46
What is the function of the Cardiovascular System?
Transport
47
What is the function of the Lymphatic System?
Protection
48
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
Absorption and secretion
49
What is the function of the Digestive System?
Absorption and secretion
50
What is the function of the Urinary System?
Absorption and secretion
51
What is the function of the Reproductive System?
Reproduction
52
What are the major body cavities?
Dorsal and ventral
53
What cavities are in the Dorsal cavity?
Cranial cavity and Spinal cavity
54
What cavities are in the Ventral Cavity?
Thoracic cavity and Abdominopelvic cavity
55
What do body cavities provide?
Varying degrees of protection to organs within them
56
What organ is in the Cranial cavity?
The brain
57
What is the Brain in the cranial cavity protected by?
The skull
58
What organ is in the Spinal Cavity?
The spinal cord
59
What is the Spinal Cord in the spinal cavity protected by?
The vertebrae
60
What organs are in the Thoracic Cavity?
lungs and mediastinum
61
What Organs are in the Mediastinum?
- Heart
- Esophagus
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Thymus
- Large blood vessels entering and leaving heart
62
Define the Mediastinum
the region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that houses the heart
63
The Thoracic Cavity is superior to what?
The diaphram
64
The Abdominopelvic cavity is inferior to what?
The diaphram
65
What organs are in the abdominal part of the abdominopelvic cavity?
stomach, liver, intestines
66
What is the abdominal protected by?
Trunk muscles
67
What organs does the pelvic cavity in the abdominopelvic cavity have?
reproductive organs, bladder, rectum
68
What is the pelvic cavity protected by?
Bony pelvis
69
Which cavity is associated with the Mediastinum?
The thoracic cavity
70
What are the relative positions to describe the location of one body part in relation to another?
- Anatomical
- Prone
- Supine
- Superior
- Inferior
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Medial
- Lateral
- Proximal
- Distal
71
Define the Anatomic position
Standing upright with palms facing forward
72
Define the Prone position
laying down
73
Define the Supine postition
Lying face up
74
Define Superior postition
towards the head
75
Define the Inferior position
towards the lower part of the body
76
What's another term for Superior?
Cranial, cephalic
77
What's another term for inferior?
Caudal
78
Define the Anterior position
front side of the body
79
Define the Posterior position
back side of the body
80
What's another term for Anterior?
Ventral
81
What's another term for Posterior?
Dorsal
82
Define the Medial position
nearest to the midline of the body
83
Define the Lateral position
toward the side of the body
84
Define the Proximal position
near the attachment origin of a structure
85
Define the Distal position
Away from the attachment origin of a structure
86
The Proximal and Distal positions are described for what body structure?
Arms and legs
87
Define the Internal position
Deeper within the body
88
Define the External position
nearer to the skin
89
What's another term for Internal?
deep
90
What's another term for External?
Superficial
91
What position is this?
Anterior (ventral)
92
What position is this?
Deep (internal)
93
What position is this?
Distal
94
What position is this?
Inferior (caudal)
95
What position is this?
Intermediate
96
What position is this?
Lateral
97
What position is this?
Media;l
98
What position is this?
Posterior (Dorsal)
99
What position is this?
Proximal
100
What position is this?
Superficial (external)
101
What position is this?
Superior (cranial or cephalic)
102
What are the 4 main planes that the body can be sectioned into?
- Sagittal
- Median
- Frontal
- Transverse
103
What is another term for the Median plane?
Midsagittal plane
104
What's another term for the Frontal plane?
Coronal plane
105
What's another term for the Transverse plane?
| `
Cross plane
106
The Sagittal section divides the body into what?
left and right parts
107
A median section divides the body into what?
equal left and right parts
108
The frontal section divides the body into what?
Anterior and posterior parts
109
A transverse section divides the body into?
Superior and inferior parts
