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Anatomy (Blood + Nerve Supply) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does the aorta enter + exit the body cavity?

A

Enters diaphragm @ T12

Ends @ L4 where it splits into right + left common iliac arteries

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2
Q

What are the 3 unpaired visceral branches of the aorta + levels? What embryological structure do they supply?

A
  1. Celiac (T12) –> Foregut
  2. Superior Mesenteric (L1) –> Midgut
  3. Inferior Mesenteric (L3) –> Hindgut
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3
Q

What are the 3 paired lateral visceral branches of the aorta?

A
  1. Suprarenal (L1)
  2. Renal (L1/L2)
  3. Gonadal (L2)
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4
Q

What are the 3 paired parietal branches of the aorta + levels?

A
  1. Inferior phrenic (T12)
  2. Subcostal (T12)
  3. Lumbar (L1-4)
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5
Q

The celiac + superior mesenteric arteries have what parasympathetic + sympathetic innervation?

A

P: Vagus

S: Thoracic splanchnic N.’s

(T5-9) & (T8-T12)

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6
Q

What is the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

P: Pelvic Splanchnic N.’s

S: Lumbar Splanchnic N.’s (L1+2)

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7
Q

Where is the referred pain for celiac A.?

A

Epigastrium

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8
Q

Where is the referred pain for the superior mesenteric A.?

A

Umbilical

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9
Q

Where is the referred pain for the inferior mesenteric A.?

A

Hypogastrium

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10
Q

What 3 arteries come off the celiac trunk?

A
  1. Common hepatic A.
  2. Left gastric A.
  3. Splenic A.
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11
Q

What gives the liver 75% of its blood supply?

A

Hepatic portal vein (sustains liver parenchyma)

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12
Q

What gives the liver 20-25% of its blood supply?

A

Hepatic A. (sustains non-parenchymal stuctures)

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13
Q

Each lobe of the liver has its own portal triad. What is found in the portal triad?

A
  1. Portal Vein
  2. Hepatic A.
  3. Bile duct
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14
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain into?

A

IVC

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15
Q

What traingle makes up the blood supply to the gallbladder? List its components

A

Cystohepatic traingle of calot

  1. Common hepatic duct
  2. Cystic duct
  3. Cystic A.
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16
Q

Short gastric arteries supply part of the stomach, but they can also supply the _______.

A

spleen

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17
Q

List the blood supply to the stomach + its anastomoses

A
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18
Q

Coming off the Gastroduodenal A. what supplies the head of the pancreas?

A

Anterior + posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal A.’s

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19
Q

What supplies the body + tail of the pancreas

A

Splenic A.

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20
Q

What is the blood supply for the ascending colon?

A

Middle colic A.

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21
Q

What is the blood supply for the descending colon?

A

Left colic A.

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22
Q

What is the blood supply for the duodenum + pancreas?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal A.

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23
Q

How would you describe jujunal A.’s?

A

Few arcades

Long vasa recta

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24
Q

How would you describe Ilial A.’s?

A

Lots of arcades

Short vasa recta

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25
What are common variations for the SMA?
The right + middle colic A.'s have a common trunk or the right + ileocolic A.'s have a common trunk or an artery is missing
26
What A.'s come off the superior mesenteric A.?
27
What is nutcracker syndrome?
When the SMA compresses the 3rd part of the duodenum and left renal vein. Usually w/ a loss of mesenteric fat. Symptoms: **Left** flank (side) pain. Blood + protein in urine, nausea, bile vomit
28
What arteries anastomose to form the Marginal Artey (of Drummond)?
1. Iliocolic A. 2. Right colic A. 3. Middle colic A. 4. Left colic A.
29
What arteries come off the inferior mesenteric A.?
30
Superior rectal artery comes from?
IMA
31
Middle rectal A. comes from?
Internal iliacs
32
Inferior rectal A. comes from?
Internal pudendal
33
The superior rectal vein drains into \_\_\_\_\_.
The portal system and then to the liver.
34
The middle + inferior rectal veins drain into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
The caval or systemic system and then to the IVC.
35
Internal hemorrhoids are generally not painful because they are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. They also are a prolapse of rectal mucose that contain dilated veins of the internal venous plexus.
above the pectinate line
36
Describe external hemorrhoids.
They are PAINFUL because they are BELOW the pectinate line and are innervated by somatic sensory fibers.
37
At what levels does the IVC enter + exit the abdomen?
Begins @ L5 Passes through diaphragm @ T8
38
What drains into the left renal vein?
Left gonadal vein
39
What forms the azygous vein?
lumbar veins
40
What forms the hemi- azygous vein?
posterior intercostal veins
41
What two veins converge to form the portal vein?
Superior mesenteric vein + Splenic vein
42
What are the 4 portal-caval anastomoses?
1. esophageal (left gastric/azygous veins) 2. rectal (sup. rectal/middle rectal veins) 3. paraumbilical (paraumbilical/epigastric) 4. retroperitoneal (colic/systemic retroperitoneal veins)
43
At what portal/caval anastomoses do you find portal hypertension?
Esophageal: esophageal varices
44
At what portal/caval anastomoses do you find hemorrhoids?
rectal
45
At what portal/caval anastomoses do you find caput medusae?
paraumbilical
46
What levels do greater splanchnic innervate?
T5-T9
47
What levels do lesser splanchnic N.'s innervate?
T10 + T11
48
What levels do least splanchnic N.'s innervate?
T12
49
What levels do lumbar splanchnic N.'s innervate?
L1 + L2
50
Pelvic splanchnic N.'s innervate at levels...?
S2,3,4
51
Through parasympathetic innervation, the vagus nerve uses presynaptic parasympathetic to innervate \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. And visceral afferent fibers for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
presynaptic parasympathetic = all organs in foregut + midgut (stops at splenic flexure) visceral afferent fibers = reflexes
52
Through parasympatheitc innervation the pelvic splanchnic nerves convery \_\_\_\_synaptic \_\_\_\_\_sympathetic fibers to the inferior hypogastric plexus.
**Pre**synaptic **Para**sympathetic
53
What does sympathetic innervation do to the GI tract?
vasoconstriction + inhibits peristalsis
54
The greater splanchnic N. synapses w/ ______ .
Celiac ganglia
55
The lumbar splanchnic N. synapses w/ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Infererior mesenteric ganglion
56
The lesser + least splanchnic N.'s synpase w/ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Aorticorenal ganglia
57
PAIN TRAVELS WITH THE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
SYMPATHETICS
58
What 3 plexuses are sympathetic?
1. Intermesenteric plexus 2. Superior hypogastric plexus 3. Hypogastric N.
59
What 3 plexuses are mixed (sympathetic + parasympathetic)?
1. Inferior hypogastric plexus 2. Inferior mesenteric plexus 3. Celiac plexus
60
What travels w/ pelvic splanchnics below the pectinate line?
Visceral afferents (sensory)
61
Pain almost always travels w/ sympathetics. What is the exception ot this?
Below the pelvic pain line, pain travels w/ parasympathetics Pelvic pain line = where peritoneum covers organ (middle of sigmoid colon)
62
What do visceral reflexes travel with?
The parasympathetics (ex. of a relex = peristalsis)

GI Final (12 decks)

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